Hinduism test subjects

What does Sanatana Dharma mean?

Eternal law or eternal way, referring to Hinduism as a timeless way of life based on eternal spiritual truths.

What are the origins of Hinduism?

Developed over thousands of years from blending Indus Valley civilization beliefs with Vedic traditions brought by Indo-Aryan peoples.

What are the 4 castes and their professions?

1. Brahmins (priests, teachers, scholars) 2. Kshatriyas (warriors, rulers) 3. Vaishyas (merchants, traders, farmers) 4. Shudras (laborers, service providers).

What are the origins of the caste system?

Originated from ancient Vedic texts describing society emerging from parts of cosmic being Purusha, initially based on occupation but became a rigid hereditary system.

When was the caste system abolished?

1950, when India's constitution was adopted.

What is the most important river in Hinduism and why?

The Ganges (Ganga) is the most sacred river, believed to purify sins and flow from heaven.

How does purity work in Hinduism?

Physical purity through cleanliness and bathing; spiritual purity through proper conduct, diet, and rituals.

When did India become independent and how?

August 15, 1947, through largely non-violent resistance led by Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.

What religions exist in India?

Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism.

What is Puja and how does it work?

Hindu worship ritual honoring a deity through offerings and may include chanting mantras and performing aarti.

What is Ahimsa?

Non-violence or non-harm toward all living beings, a core principle encouraging compassion.

What is reincarnation?

The belief that the soul is reborn into a new body after death, continuing in cycles based on one's actions.

What is Atman?

The eternal soul or true self within each person.

What is Samsara?

The continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

What is Karma?

The law of cause and effect; actions in this life affect future lives.

What is Moksha?

Liberation from samsara; the ultimate spiritual goal where atman reunites with Brahman.

What is the trinity in Hinduism called?

Trimurti.

Which gods make up the Trimurti?

Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.

What are the roles of the Trimurti gods?

Brahma - the creator, Vishnu - the preserver, Shiva - the destroyer.

How do you recognize Krishna?

Blue-skinned, often playing a flute, sometimes with peacock feathers.

How do you recognize Hanuman?

Monkey-faced deity, symbol of devotion and strength.

How do you recognize Ganesha?

Elephant-headed god, remover of obstacles.

What are the Vedas?

Oldest and most sacred texts containing hymns, rituals, and spiritual knowledge.

What is the Ramayana?

Epic story of Prince Rama, read for moral teachings and understanding dharma.

What are the Upanishads?

Philosophical texts read for deep spiritual wisdom and understanding the nature of reality.

What does the Om symbol mean?

Most sacred sound and symbol representing the essence of the universe.

What does the Swastika mean in Hinduism?

Ancient symbol of good fortune and auspiciousness.

What is Holi?

Festival of colors celebrated in spring, marking victory of good over evil.

What is Diwali?

Festival of lights celebrated in autumn, symbolizing victory of light over darkness.

What is the Haldi ritual?

Pre-wedding ritual where turmeric paste is applied for purification and blessings.

What is the Jai Mala ritual?

Wedding ritual where bride and groom exchange flower garlands.

What is the Mundan ritual?

First haircut ceremony for young children to promote healthy growth.

What is the Shraddha ritual?

Post-death ritual performed for deceased ancestors to ensure their peaceful journey.