Hematology/Body Fluids Week 1

What is the technical name for an increased WBC count?

What is the technical name for an increased WBC count?

Leukocytosis

What is the technical name for a counting chamber?

Hemoctyometer

What are the normal values for WBC counts, in both Conventional and SI units, for: Adults

Conventional: 4.0-11.0 x 10^3/uL
SI: 4.0-11.0 x 10^9/L

What are the normal values for WBC counts, in both Conventional and SI units, for: Neonates

Conventional: 10.0-30.0 x 10^3/uL
SI: 10.0-30.0 x 10^9/L

The following relationship exists for WBCs, RBCs, and platelets: Only ______ WBCs are seen in relation to ______ platelets and ______ RBCs.

1 WBC
30 platelets
500 RBCs

List two ways WBCs function in the body to fight infections

Phagocytosis
Antibody production

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Typhoid fever

Decreased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Brucellosis

Decreased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Bacterial Infections

Increased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Viral Infections

Decreased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Infectious Hepatitis

Decreased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Pregnancy

Increased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: After stress, exercise, and anxiety

Increased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Leukemia

Increased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Rheumatoid Arthritis

Decreased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Afternoon

Increased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Morning

Decreased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Lupus Erythrematosis

Decreased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: Cirrhosis

Decreased

For the following conditions tell whether the WBC count will be increased or decreased in the blood: HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)

Increased

Define phagocytosis.

destruction of foreign agents by cell eating

List two cells in the peripheral blood that are the major phagocytic cells.

neutrophil, macrophage

What is an antibody?

natural substance produced in response to Ag; produced by lymphocyte

Which specific WBC is usually increased in viral infections?

Lymphocytes

Would you expect the total WBC count to be increased or decreased during a viral infection?

Decreased

Which specific WBC is increased in most bacterial infections?

Neutrophils

Would you expect the total WBC count to be increased or decreased during a bacterial infection?

Increased

What are three another names for a neutrophil?

Granulocytes
Segs
PMN (Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes)

What is the abbreviation for a lymphocyte?

Lymphs

What is the length of one side of the counting chamber?

3mm

What is the width of 1 W section of a Hemocytometer?

1mm

What volume of whole blood is used in the Leuko-tic system for manual WBC counts?

20 uL

What is the diluent used in the Leuko-tic system for manual WBC counts?

Turk's solution (Genetian Violet and Acetic Acid)

How much diluent is in the reservoir of the Leuko-tic system for manual WBC counts?

380 uL

What is the dilution of blood in the Leuko-tic system for manual WBC counts?

1:20

What are three other diluting fluids that are used for manual WBC counts?

1% HCL
2% Acetic Acid
Ammonium Oxalate (Thrombo-tic)

What is the name of hemacytometer that is usually used in the laboratory?

Spencer-Bright Line (Improved Neubar)

What hemacytometer has a depth of 0.2 rather than 0.1 and for what is it used?

Fuchs-Rosenthal
CSF counts

When performing a manual WBC count the solution runs over the ruled area and completely fills the moat, should you count the WBCs or replate and why or why not?

Replate because it could lead to falsely elevated counts

When counting manual WBCs the cells touching which two triple lines around each W section should not be counted?

Bottom and right sides

The WBCs count is counted on what power of the microscope and how should the iris diaphragm be adjusted?

40x

Why does the Leuko-tic have to sit for 10 minutes before the WBC count is counted?

to lyse RBC

What is the technical term for a decreased WBC count?

Leukopenia

How many W sections are usually counted on each side of the hemacytometer?

4 on each side

Define: Hemostasis

Stopping of blood flow

Define: Capillary Integrity

capacity of capillaries to hold blood

Define: Clot Retraction

Shrinking of blood clot
Contractile proteins are activated in the platelet, pulling the edges of the blood vessel together.

Define: Thrombocythemia

An increase in platelets in the blood not caused by disease of condition

Define: Thrombocytosis

Increased platelet count caused by a disease or condition

Define: Thrombocytopenia

Low platelet count

Define: Polycythemia

An abnormally high number of red blood cells

Define: Idiopathic

Unknown cause

Define: Aplastic

Failure of an organ or tissue to develop of function normally

Define: Thrombo

Clotting

Define: Chronic

Lasts 1+ years

Define: Acute

Rapid onset

Define: -penia

Deficiency

Define: -plasia

Development

Define: -ectomy

Surgical removal of

Define: -a/-an

Without

Define: Direct counts/methods

Counting of individual cells dilution of blood sample

Define: Indirect count/methods

Estimated of cells from a blood smear

Define: -phil

Having an affinity for

Define: Myelo-

Spinal cord or Bone Marrow

Define: -cyte

Denoting a cell

Define: Myelocyte

A bone marrow cell

Define: Leuko-

White

Define: -emia

Blood condition

Define: Leukemia

A type of blood cancer beginning in the bone marrow

What is the technical name for a platelet?

Thrombocytes

Where in the body are platelets formed?

Bone marrow

What is the lifespan of a platelet?

9-12 days

Are platelets true cells, explain?

No, they're circulating fragments of cells

What is the "mother" cell of the platelet and where is this cell located?

Megakaryocytes
Bone marrow

What are the four functions of the platelet?

1. Maintaining capillary integrity
2. Primary Hemostatic plug/Plug the hole in the capillary wall to prevent bleeding
3. Secondary Hemostatic plug with Fibrin
4. Healing of injured tissues

What is the process called whereby platelets adhere to each other?

Aggregation

What is the process called whereby platelets adhere to foreign objects/substances?

Adhesion

What is another name for an indirect platelet count?

Blood smear

What two manual platelet count methods use a light microscope?

Blood smear
Hemocytometer

How many fields are counted on a blood smear?

10

What types of fields are counted on a blood smear?

Monolayer

What power is used to count platelets on a blood smear?

100x

How is a platelet estimate calculated after the fields have been counted?

Divided by 10 then multiplied by 20,000

Why is the mean platelet volume of a platelet best measured on an automatic hematology analyzer 1 - 3 hours after blood is collected?

Could affect platelet count due to platelet swelling

What type of blood specimen yields lower platelet counts and why?

Capillary blood
Lower than venous blood

For each of the following conditions state whether the platelet count will be increased or decreased: Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Decreased

For each of the following conditions state whether the platelet count will be increased or decreased: Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

Increased

For each of the following conditions state whether the platelet count will be increased or decreased: Aplastic Anemia

Decreased

For each of the following conditions state whether the platelet count will be increased or decreased: Acute Leukemia

Decreased

For each of the following conditions state whether the platelet count will be increased or decreased: After Splenectomy

Increased

For each of the following conditions state whether the platelet count will be increased or decreased: Polycythemia Vera

Increased

For each of the following conditions state whether the platelet count will be increased or decreased: Idiopathic Thrombocythemia

Increased

What are two technical names for an increased platelet count?

Thrombocytosis
Thrombocythemia

What is the technical name for a decreased platelet count?

Thrombocytopenia

What type of cell is an eosinophil?

Granulocyte

What is the abbreviation for an eosinophil?

Eos

Why is the eosinophil so named?

The intense color they take during staining

What type of stain is used in Hematology and what color do the eosinophil granules stain?

Wright stain
Orange-Red

Define the terms Eosinophilia breaking the two words down into their component parts.

Eosin: a fluorescent red dye that is Bromine derived
Philia: fondness of
Eosinophilia: increase in the number of Eosinophils

Define the term Eosinopenia breaking the two words down into their component parts.

Eosin: a fluorescent red dye that is Bromine derived
Penia: decrease
Eosinopenia: decrease in the number of Eosinophils