The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

Which of the following provides a first line of defense against pathogens?

Skin and mucous membrane

What is the most specific internal defense against disease?

T cells

Chemical barriers that help prevent infection

-tears

-mucus

-pH of urine

Tears and mucous membranes would be a part of which defense system?

innate external defenses

Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system?

Innate internal defenses

What cells make antibodies?

Plasma B cells

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?

An antigenic deteminant

What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient?

Humoral immunity

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?

cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity

Cancer cells would be attacked by which cells?

Cytotoxic T cells

Which letter represents the formation of a phagolysosome resulting from the fusion of a lysosome with the phagocytic vesicle?

C

Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is/are released by mast cells?

histaime

Four (or five) cardinal signs indicate inflammation.  What specific sign of inflammation is the result of exudate in the tissue spaces?

edema

Which type of chemical induces fever?

pyrogens

-raises body temp. above normal

A cellular component of the innate defenses includes ________.

natural killer cells

What is the role of interferon in defense against disease?

protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses

Antigens are

substances that activate the adaptive immune response

Which of the areas seen the figure must be occupied by T lymphocytes, at least for a while, but is NOT required for the production of B lymphocytes?

the thymus

Proliferation of lymphocytes occurs immediately after which of these events?

activation

Which of the following best illustrates artificially acquired active humoral immunity?

vaccines

Which of the following should produce naturally acquired, active immunity?

recovering from chicken pox

Vaccines provide what type of immunity?

artificially acquired active

The primary immune response ________.

has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

Antibody functions include -

• binding and inactivating chemical toxins released by bacteria or other microorganisms

• linking soluble antigens together so that they fall out of solution

• targeting foreign cells so that complement proteins can cause cellular lysis

Which immunoglobulin class is the most abundant antibody in plasma?

IgG

What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells?

cytotoxic T (Tc) cells

T cells include -

antigenic

Regulatory T cells function -

in preventing autoimmune reactions

-autoimmune reactions occur when bodies immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues