SS20

Nation

A group of people who feel connected by a sense of belonging and acceptance and identify themselves as a collective

Nation-State

A territory with internationally recognized boundaries and a politically organized body of people under a sovereign government

Nationalism

The collective, shared sense of belonging of people who identify themselves as a nation

Culture

The unwritten way of knowing, being, and acting among the people of a nation based on their shared traditions

Citizenship

Membership and participation of individuals in a political community

Patriotism

Love for a nation or nation-state

Absolutism

A system where the monarch is given the power to rule the land and the people by the “divine right of kings”

Bourgeoisie

Middle-class people who had accumulated economic wealth through trade and commerce

Revolution

A violent overthrow of a government or social order in favour of a new system

Estates-General

The representative assembly of the three estates which represented the majority of the people

Ancien Regime

The political system in place in France prior to the French Revolution that was divided into three estates

Jacobins

The radical political group during the French Revolution that wanted to establish France as a republic

Girondins

The moderate political group during the French Revolution who wanted to maintain the monarchy

The Reign of Terror

The period during the French Revolution in which the revolutionary government arrested and executed up to 40 000 perceived enemies of the republic

Collective Consciousness

When members of a nation collectively share similar values, beliefs, and internalized feelings based on their shared experiences

Francophone

A person who’s first language is French

Quebecois

Francophone living in Quebec

Sovereignty-association

The Parti Quebecois’ idea of combining political autonomy and economic association with Canada as a means to achieve an independent nation-state for the Québécois

Homogenous

Of a same or similar nature

Conservatism

The holding of political views that favor free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas, opposition to change/innovation

Communism

A left-wing ideology in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

Radicalism

The belief that there should be great or extreme social or political change/reform

Liberalism

Political ideology based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law

Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state

Mosaic

The mix of ethnic groups, languages and cultures that coexist within society

Pluralism

A condition or system in which two or more groups coexist in the same society

War Measures Act

A federal law that provided for the declaration of war, invasion, or insurrection that gave the government broad powers to maintain security

Bill 101

A Quebec law that made French the official language of the Government and the courts of Quebec and the normal, everyday language of work, instruction, communication, commerce and business

What are the commonly shared areas between members of a nation?

Ethnic background and ancestry, cultural values, history, languages and communication (education), religious or spiritual beliefs, geography, politics and citizenship

What is the difference between nation and nation-state?

The concept of nation is based on feelings in the minds of people, while the concept of nation-state is concrete and defined

Do nation-states have to have the same ethnic or cultural connection?

No, linguistic, ethic, or cultural connections can be depended on but are not necessary

What are the beliefs and values that connect the people of Canada?

Belief in a democratic government, protection of rights and freedoms as described in the charter of rights and freedoms, belief in the principles of a mixed economy

What are examples of national symbols?

Flags, landmarks, monuments, cities

What can inspire nationalism?

Geography, language, spirituality, religion, ethnicity, culture, citizenship

How can geography inspire nationalism?

A people’s relationship to land plays a key role in defining a nation and creating a sense of belonging

How can language inspire nationalism?

Language is the common node of communication through which people of a nation share ideas, knowledge, and wisdom

How do indigenous people view spirituality?

An individual’s spirituality comes from one’s relationship with the natural world; spiritual beliefs promote respect and honour for what the world holds

How can spirituality and religion inspire nationalism?

Shared belief systems and traditions among nation members

How can ethnic ties inspire nationalism?

Shared experiences or a shared sense of pride/loyalty towards an ethnicity creates a sense of belonging

How can culture inspire nationalism? (Representation)

Cultural representation unites people by expressing shared experiences, values, beliefs, and traditions of the nation

How can culture inspire nationalism? (History)

History provides shared historical experiences, celebrations, and accomplishments as well as providing a record of cultural beliefs, values, and traditions of a nation

How can citizenship inspire nationalism?

People of a nation-state feel a connection to one another through shared experiences related to citizenship

What is the difference between a sense of nationalism and patriotism?

Patriotism is centered around love and pride for a nation, while nationalism is exclusionary and usually puts one’s nation over other nations

What is the main reason people are motivated to express their nationalism?

A desire to reinforce feelings of belonging in a nation

Who was part of the first estate?

The Roman Catholic clergy

Who was part of the second estate?

The nobility

Who was part of the third estate?

Serfs and peasants, merchants/bourgeoisie, artisans/workers

How did the Roman Catholic church play a role in the French Revolution?

The church was a major influence in France and held many privileges as members of the first estate, which caused people to question their power

How did the American Revolution play a role in the French Revolution?

Ideas from the American Revolution inspired people in France

How did the Age of Enlightenment play a role in the French Revolution?

Writings and ideas by philosophies in the Age of Enlightenment challenged the nature of the old regime

Why were the bourgeoisie unsatisfied prior to the French Revolution? (Estates)

As members of the third estate, they had heavy taxes imposed on them, yet enjoyed no benefits

Why were the bourgeoisie unsatisfied prior to the French Revolution? (Representation)

They made up the majority of the population, but did not have a voice that properly reflected their numbers and were constantly overpowered by the first and second estates

Why did the Estates-General meet in a tennis court?

The king locked them out of their regular meeting room

What is the Tennis Court Oath?

A pledge made by the National Assembly to not disband until France had a constitution

What was the main purpose of the storming of the Bastille?

People wanted to collect weapons as defense against a rumored attack by the king

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?

A document passed by the National Assembly that described the rights of individuals and guiding democratic purposes

How was Napoleon able to declare himself Emperor of France?

His success in reforming France and expanding French influence throughout the country made him very popular with the people, and as a result was voted Consul for Life and was able to crown himself Emperor

When can collective consciousness develop?

When the people of a nation focus on their collective identity instead of their individual identity

How did the battle at Vimy Ridge shape Canadian nationalism?

Was the first time the Canadian corps fought as one unit

Why was Quebec’s economy dominated by anglophones prior to the Quiet Revolution?

The government encouraged anglophones and Americans to establish businesses in Quebec to provide employment for Quebec’s economy

Why did Francophones in Quebec feel the need for change?

Wanted greater economic opportunities and political control in their own province

What were the 4 reforms introduced during the Quiet Revolution?

The modernization of Québec’s industries, the nationalization of the hydroelectric industry, reforms to the education system, the establishment of social programs and public institutions to offer services in French

What did the reforms made during the Quiet Revolution result in?

Reversed the economic and political leadership in Quebec, turned control of the economy over to French-speaking citizens of Quebec

What is the difference between ethnic and civic nationalism?

Civic nationalism is based on shared values, while ethnic nationalism is based on membership within a specific ethnic group

What was the problem that lead PM Rene Levesque to pass Bill 101?

Quebec had the lowest birth rate in the country, and immigrants to were choosing to place their children in English schools and to use English services, increasing the presence of English-language and American culture

Nation

Groups that shares similar interests

Country

area of land that is politically controlled by one government

Nation-state

country

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Collective Identity

the common characteristics and values used to define a group

Patriotism

Love of one's country

Sovereignty

supreme power or authority

Self-determination

power to control ones affairs;

the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

Civic nation

citizens of a nation decide to live together according to shared principles

Constitution

Written plan of government

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Bill identifying human rights that are guaranteed to everyone in Canada.

Ethnic nationalism

devotion to a cultural, ethnic, or linguistic community

National identity

The sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture.

Individual Identity

Characteristics of one's self

Collective Identity

the common characteristics and values used to define a group

National myths

shared stories, ideas, and beliefs, may or may not be accurate, but the key to creating a sense of Nation.

French Revolution

a rebellion of French people against their king in 1789; an example of how country's nationalism can be shaped by external factors: historical, social, economic, geographic and politics; leaders feared a similar fate.

Absolute Monarchy

A government in which the king or queen has absolute power.

Republic

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting - no monarchy

Attack on the Bastille

July 14, 1789; begins the revolution that caused the collapse of royal authority in cities

commoners

King Louis XVI

The king of France during the revolution.

Marie Antoinette

The very unpopular Austrian-born queen of France; wife of Louis XVI

Collective consciousness

An internal consciousness, or awareness, shared by many people

First Estate

Clergy and King

Second estate

Nobility and Aristocrats

Third Estate

Commoners and peasants

Estates General

An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France

National Assembly

French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate

Tennis Court Oath

Promise made by Third Estate representatives to draw up a new constitution

Constitution

A written plan of government

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A statement of revolutionary ideas stated rights that all men were equal; 1789. This led to a new French Constitution

Reign of Terror

(1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty"

Loyalty

allegiance

Patriotism

Love of one's country

Contending Loyalties

competing loyalties