AP World History Modern: Topic 1.3 Vocab & Questions

Delhi Sultanate

Reigned for 300 yrs beginning from 13th century, taxed non-muslims, sultans had difficulty imposing their policies in india bc there was no efficient bureaucracy

Jizya

Tax imposed by delhi sultanate on non-muslims of the empire

Proselytize

Person who actively seeks for converts, islam wanted to use this but found that trying to convert hindus and buddhists was unsuccessful

Caste System

Social rank of individuals, islamdidn't have a big impact on this

Qutub Minar

Southern part of delhi, islamic architecture built, tallest structure in india,

Bhakti Movement

Starts in 12th century in southern india, hindus realized the importance of emotion in spirituality and started a strong attachment with on deity, similar to sufi muslims,

Angkor Wat

Majestic buddhist temple still stands

Most South Asians practiced which religions before the arrival of Islam?

hinduism(>) and buddhism(<)

Summarize the main differences betweeen Hinduism and Islam.

Islam: monotheistic, no visual rep of allah, equality of believers, only quran; hinduism: polytheistic, artworkand sculpturesof gods, cast system, numerous sacred texts.

The arrival of Islam was at first forceful, as Muslim rulers tried to force Hindu and Buddhist subjects to convert. This was unsuccessful, which led to voluntary conversion - who voluntarily converted and why?

Lower members of the caste system converted bc in islam everyone is an equal, buddhists bc their system was corrupt.

Describe how Islam impacted the social structure of South Asia.

Didn't change it too much, muslim merchants and migrants found a place for themselves in the caste system, subcastes were put in place based on occupation, anyone who tried to leave the caste system failed, low-caste hindus didn't even make it up the social ladder bc they needed an education, gender relation didn't change-hindu-separate social circle, islam-more independence,

Describe how Islam interacted with and impacted South Asian culture.

Interacted well with islam, shared cultural and intellectual findings, in india, the architecture was a combination of islamic preerd designs and patterns and hindu artistic details(Qutub minar), development of urdu(combo of hindu and arabic)

How do the Bhaktis and Sufis compare? strictly bhaktis:

Emotional importance in spiritual life, helped spread hinduism

How do the Bhaktis and Sufis compare? comparative to both:

Mystical movements, emphasized inner reflection, appealed to people outside their traditions

How do the Bhaktis and Sufis compare? strictly sufis:

Helped spread islam,

How did Islam spread to Southeast Asia? Why did many in Southeast Asia convert?

First southeast asian muslims were merchants who converted in hopes of having better trading relations with islamic merchants, sufi missionaries did their work in southeast asia

How is South Asia characterized politically after the collapse of the Golden Age (Gupta Dynasty)?

Competition among clans led to no centralized government which demonstrated the diversity of southwest asia, no centralized government made them vulnerable to muslim attacks

Southern India was more stable than Northern India - summarize the two kingdoms that evidence this-Chola Dynasty (850-1267):

Reigned over southern india for over 400 years and extended it's rule to ceylon

Southern India was more stable than Northern India - summarize the two kingdoms that evidence this-Vijayanagara Empire (1336-1646):

"Victorious city", 2 brothers from the delhi sultanate were sent to this area to extend rule to southern india, brothers were converted muslims from hindu, when they left their region, they embraced their true religion and created a hindu empire, group of muslims overthrew them

Northern India had more upheaval than Southern India - summarize the two states that evidence this-Rajput Kingdoms:

Started forming after the fall of gupta empire, led by leaders of clans who were often at war with each other, no central government=vulnerable to muslim attacks

Northern India had more upheaval than Southern India - summarize the two states that evidence this-Delhi Sultanate (13th-16th centuries):

Combined hidu and islam, tax on non-islams, played role in india's decentralized political landscape

What countries of today correspond with the region of Southeast Asia?

Cambodia, indonesia, vietnam, malaysia, laos, thailand

Summarize the importance of the sea-based kingdoms in Southeast Asia: Srivijaya Empire (670-1025):

Hindu, based on sumatra, charged fees for ships traveling between india and china

Summarize the importance of the sea-based kingdoms in Southeast Asia: Majapahit Kingdom (1293-1520):

Buddhist, based on java, 98 tributaries, controlled sea routes

Summarize the importance of the land-based kingdoms of Southeast Asia: Sinhala Dynasties:

In sri lanka, buddhist, island became center of buddhist study and devotion, priests were advisors for monarchs

Summarize the importance of the land-based kingdoms of Southeast Asia: Khmer Empire/Angkor Kingdom (802-1431):

Near mekong river, economy thrived due to complex irrigation and drainage systems, farmers were able to harvest rice crops a few times a year bc of irrigation system, drainage decreased impact of monsoon rains, capital-angkor thom,