AP Psychology Vocab Quiz 121-150

Forgetting Curve

Shows time plays a major role in forgetting. Forgetting happens quickly right after learning something new, but levels off as more time passes.

Fovea

the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster

Framing

Refers to the way in which information is presented, which can significantly impact our perceptions and decisions

Frequency Theory

Proposes that pitch is perceived based on the rate at which the auditory nerve fires, with the frequency of the neural impulses corresponding to the sound's pitch.

Frontal Lobes

Control linguistic processing, higher-order thinking, and executive functioning, especially in the prefrontal cortex

Functional Fixedness

The tendency to only think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to solving problems  

Fundamental Attribution Error

Overestimating the influence of dispositional factors and underestimating the influence of situational factors when explaining other's behavior

Gambler's Fallacy

The mistaken belief that future probabilities are influenced by past events in random situations

Ganglion Cells

Neurons in the retina that transmit visual information to the brain.

Gate-control theory of pain

theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain

General Adaptation Syndrome

Describes the process of experiencing stress in three stages: alarm reaction, resistance phase, and exhaustion phase

Genetic Mutations

Changes in the DNA sequence that may lead to disorders or new traits

Gestalt theory

combines the psychoanalytic emphasis on bringing unconscious feelings to awareness and the humanistic emphasis on getting “in touch with oneself”; aims to help people become more aware of and able to express their feelings, and to take responsibility for their feelings and actions

Ghrelin

A hormone that stimulates appetite

Gilal Cells

Support cells that provide structural and metabolic support for neurons

Glutamate

The most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in learning and memory. An oversupply can lead to overstimulation of the brain. Connects with MSG

Groupthink

A phenomenon where the desire for harmony in a group leads to poor decision-making.

Group Polarization

The tendency for group discussion to lead to more extreme opinions or decisions

Growth Mindset

Views intelligence as a malleable quality that can be developed through effort and learning

Gustation

The sense of taste, or the act of tasting

Habituation

A decrease in an innate response to a frequently repeated stimulus. Results in a decrease in responsiveness

Hallucinogens

Drugs that alter perception and reality

Halo Effect

Attributes positive qualities to individuals based on initial impressions.

Self-actualization

achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities

Esteem needs

prestige and feeling of accomplishment

Belongingness and love needs

intimate relationships and friends

Safety needs

security, safety

Physiological needs

food, water, warmth, rest

Higher-Order Conditioning

Involves using an established conditioned stimulus as an unconditioned stimulus to condition a new neural stimulus

Hindsight bias

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

Hypervigilance

An enhanced state of awareness and sensitivity to potential threats

Hypnogogic Sensations

Vivid sensory experiences that occur at sleep onset.

Iconic Memory

Type of memory that stores visual information

Imagination Inflation

The phenomenon where imagining an event can increase the belief that it actually happened. Can lead to false memories.