L: 1 The Paradigm shift, human activities, and philosophy

Unit 1: Doing Philosophy

Science

Science

Empirical Study of the world

Science

means “to investigate”

Science

Cannot answer anything in this world

Science

Looks at reality partially

Science

Cannot solve moral and political problems

Involves receiving revelations from God

Method of religion

• The armchair is the principal piece of apparatus of a philosopher; for the philosopher is strictly an armchair thinker.

• Philosophy needs conversation.

• Philosophy is reflective

Method of Philosophy

investigative

Science is?

Reflective

Philosophy is?

Accepts and believes

Religion?

more knowledge u get but more understanding

Philosophy is not _______ but _______

Gabriel Marcel

Two types of reflection by?

Primary and Secondary reflection

Two types of reflection

Primary reflection

It sees persons not according to their being but as something associated with predicates.

Primary reflection

Human is defined according to one’s own name, student number or even address, etc.

Secondary reflection

It looks not on man only through his predicates, but on his whole being, the totality of his being a person

Plato’s allegory of the cave book VII, the republic

Title of Plato’s book

Greek

Philosophy is a ____ word

Love

Philo means?

wisdom

Sophia means?

Pythagoras

Historical definition is also called as?

Merchants

“Lovers of gains and pleasure”

Athletes and politicians

“Lovers of fame”

Audience

“Lovers of Spectacle”

• The one who wants to be rich.

• The one who wants to be famous.

• The one who wants to understand and reflect what life is really all about

3 types of people in reality

“An unexamined life is not worth living”

Socratic Motto

human mind and heart

Philosophy is basically an attitude, an activity of the _____ and ___

Active utilization

Wisdom is the ______ of knowledge

Latin, Ostendere, to show or to point out

Ostensive comes from the ____ word _____, which means ______ or ______. One defines a term by pointing it or by showing it out.

1. wonder of awe

2. act of questioning

The starting point of philosophizing

Wonder of awe

The most important thing in philosophy is that we are able to reflect on our human activities.

Act of questioning

Asking relevant questions. Asking questions by recognizing and being aware of our own activities will lead us to deliberate reflection.

1. Ancient classical

2. Medieval

3. Modern

4. Contemporary

4 different periods of philosophy

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

Greek Triumvirate

Founding fathers of philosophy

Ancient classical

Cosmo-centric by Thales

Medieval

Theocentric by St. Thomas Aquinas

Modern

Scientific and rationalistic by Rene Descartes

Contemporary

Anthropocentric by Jean Paul-Sartre

1. Metaphysics

2. Epistemology

3. Ethics

4. Logic

5. Aesthetics

6. Psychology

7. Philosophy of man

Different branches of philosophy

Metaphysics

Concerned with the ultimate nature of existence

Epistemology

Deals with the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge

Ethics

Study of moral judgement

Logic

Principles of valid reasoning

Aesthetics

Problems regarding beauty and sublimity

Psychology

Mind and human behavior

Philosophy of man

Man being in the world