APUSH 5.9-5.10

Wednesday

Confiscation Acts

Gave Union power to seize enemy property (including slaves) that are used to wage war.

Emancipation Proclamation

Proclamation that stated slaves in confederate states would all be freed on Jan. 1st, 1863. (Only freed 1% of slaves but still important to purpose of war).

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

All Black Union unit that won respect of White Union Soldiers.

Copperheads

Democrats who opposed the war and wanted a negotiated peace, often “southern sympathizers”. 

Ex Parte Milligan

Supreme Court ruled after the war; the government had improperly ruled citizens to military trials. They could ONLY be ruled to military trials when regular courts are unavailable.

Conscription Acts

Made all men 20-45 liable for military service. The rich could avoid by paying 300 dollars.

Gettysburg Address

Speech by Lincoln railing on the idea that “all men are created equal”- he alluded to the Emancipation Proclamation in this- and inspired democracy worldwide.

Greenbacks

Paper currency (not backed by gold) that contributed to increased inflation after the war.

Morrill Tariff Act

Raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers.

Homestead Act

Promoted settlement of Great Plains by offering acreage to those who settled there.

Morrill Land Grant Act

Encouraged states to use sale of federal land grants to create education for farmers, engineers, scientists, etc. (like NC State)

Federal Land Grants

Parcels of land given by the U.S. government to individuals, companies, or institutions to encourage settlement, economic development, and public projects like railroads and colleges

Pacific Railway Act

Authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over northern route to link California economies to eastern states.

Andrew Johnson

Lincoln’s Vice President who became President after Lincoln’s assassination, attempted to carry out Lincoln’s plan for political Reconstruction. He was also a white supremacist.

Reconstruction

After the Civil War when the U.S. government attempted to reintegrate the Southern states into the Union and redefine the rights and status of formerly enslaved people.

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

In 1863, Lincoln set up process so in the South Unionists were in charge rather than the seccesionists.

Wade-Davis Bill

Republicans passed this in opposition to Lincoln’s 10% plan- this required 50% of voters in a state to take a loyalty oath.

Lincoln VEOTED!!

Freedmen’s Bureau

Wellfare agency that provided food, shelter, etc. for both Black and White Americans who’s lives were hurt by war. Established a great Black education system.

Radical Republicans

Republicans who championed civil rights for Blacks and feared the reunified Democratic Party would become dominant again.

Charles Sumner

Leading Radical Republican in the Senate, from Masachussets. 

13th Amendment

Passed in December 1865- this abolished slavery and 4 million African Americans were freed.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Pronounced all African Americans to be U.S citizens and provided as legal shield for Blacks.

14th Amendment

Declared all persons born and naturalized in US were citizens- it had a long term significance that Democrats would NOT repeal.

“Equal protection of the laws”

Stated in the 14th amendment- says the principle that states must treat individuals in similar situations the same under the law.

“Due process of law”

Stated in the 14th amendment- protects individuals from unjust government action by requiring the government to follow fair legal procedures to anybody.

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Three acts passed by Johnson.

1. The south is under union military occupation

2. Increased requirements for gaining readmission into the Union.

3. Ex-Confederate states MUST ratify 14th amendment.

Tenure of Office Act

Congress passed as result of Johnson’s constant vetos. Law prohibited president from removing fed. officials or commanders without Senate approval.

Edwin Stanton

Secretary of War, Radical Republican whom Johnson dismissed leading to Johnson getting impeached.

15th Amendment

Prohibited states from abridging citizens’ votes based on race.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Guaranteed equal accommodations in public places for African Americans and promised them the right to jury.

The law was poorly enforced.

Scalawags

Nickname by Democrats for Southern Republicans

Carpetbaggers

Nickname by Democrats for Northern newcomers in the South.

Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels

Two Black men from the South that were sent into the Senate which caused bitter resentment amongst ex-Confederates.

Spoilsmen

Political manipulators who were masters of patronage.

Patronage

Giving jobs and gov. favors to their supporters.

Jay Gould

Participated in scheme where he cornered the gold market and made a huge profit out of it.

Crédit Mobiler

Insiders gave stock to influential members of congress to avoid investigation of their profits from that they got from government subsides.

William Tweed

NYC Democratic boss who masterminded schemes to steal 200 mil dollars from NY’s taxpayers.

Thomas Nast

A cartoonist who exposed William Tweed, resulting in his arrest.

Horace Greely

Editor of New York Tribune who was nominated by Liberal Republicans for the Election of 1872.

Liberal Republicans

Republicans who were focused on Reformation specifically in the early 1870s.

Panic of 1873

Many Northern laborers were left jobless and homeless due to overbuilding of industry and railroads.

Women’s suffrage

Demands for equal voting rights for women after many women pushed for 14th and 15th Amendments to be passed.