Bio Exam 3 Meiosis and Reproduction

What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Sexual: _____ in different individuals in a population create _____ which _____ to make a new _____

Asexual: _____ creates two _____ organisms from one _____

Sexual: meoisis in different individuals in a population create gametes which combine to make a new organism

Asexual: mitosis creates two identical organisms from one individual

What are homologous chromosomes? How are they different than sister chromatids? How are they the same?

Homologous chromosomes: contain the same _____, but are not _____ and may not have the same _____

Sister chromatids: joined _____ copies of original _____, created by _____ replication

Homologous chromosomes: contain the same genes, but are not identical and may not have the same alleles

Sister chromatids: joined identical copies of original chromosome, created by DNA replication

Define the terms diploid and haploid

Diploid: cells with _____ copies of each chromosome

Haploid: cells with _____ copy of each chromosome

Diploid: cells with two copies of each chromosome

Haploid: cells with one copy of each chromosome

What is a gamete and how are they different from normal body cells? Are they diploid or haploid?

Gametes:

• _____ cells (ex. Eggs and sperm)

• Each has _____ copy of each human _____

• haploid or diploid?

Gametes:

• sex cells (ex. Eggs and sperm)

• Each has one copy of each human chromosomes

• haploid

How is meiosis different than mitosis?

• meiosis:

  • special form of cell _____ that creates _____

  • parent divides into _ _____ daughters

  • New cells and original cells _____

  Mitosis: 

  • _____ of sister _____ and _____ to daughter cells

  • Parent divides into _ _____ _____

  • Not _____ to the original cell, have _ the DNA

meiosis:

• special form of cell division that creates gametes

• parent divides into 2 identical daughters

• New cells and original cells identical

Mitosis: 

• separation of sister chomatids and distribution to daughter cells

• Parent divides into 4 haploid gametes

• Not identical to the original cell, have ½ the DNA

What happens in meiosis 1 vs meiosis 2?

Meiosis 1: _____ chromosomes _____

Meiosis 2: _____ _____ separate

Meiosis 1: homologous chromosomes seperate

Meiosis 2: sister chromatids separate

How many copies of each gene are found in a normal body cell? How many are in a gamete?

Normal body cell: _ copies of each gene

Gamete: _ copy of each gene

Normal body cell: 2 copies of each gene

Gamete: 1 copy of each gene

How could you tell the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?

Incomplete dominance: the _____ _____ will have its own _____

Codominance: the _____ _____ will have the phenotype of both _____ alleles at the _____ time

Incomplete dominance: the heterozygous genotype will have its own phenotype

Codominance: the heterozygous genotype will have the phenotype of both dominant alleles at the same time

How does crossing over affect the inheritance of linked genes?

Crossing over during meiosis can separate linked genes by _____ genetic material between _____ chromosomes, creating new _____ combinations.

Crossing over during meiosis can separate linked genes by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes, creating new allele combinations.