Circulatory System and Blood

Flashcards for review

What are the three main components of the cardiovascular system?

Pump (heart), conducting tubes (blood vessels), and fluid (blood).

What are the three main components of blood?

Cells, fibers, and a fluid component.

What are the main types of blood cells?

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.

What type of fiber is found in blood, and what is its function?

Fibrinogen, which converts to fibrin and is important in blood clotting.

What are the four main blood types?

A, B, AB, and O, classified by the presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells.

What are the main components of blood plasma?

Water, ions (electrolytes), and plasma proteins.

What are the roles of albumin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulins in blood?

Albumin maintains osmotic balance, fibrinogen is for blood clotting, and immunoglobulins (antibodies) are for immune defense.

What are the main cellular elements of blood?

Erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets (cell fragments).

What is the main function of red blood cells?

Transporting oxygen to tissues and removing carbon dioxide.

Name the five main types of white blood cells (leukocytes)

Basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils.

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What are the three types of granulocytes?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes and monocytes.

What do lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells give rise to?

Lymphoid stem cells (lymphocytes) and myeloid stem cells (red blood cells, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes).

What do platelets secrete?

Vasoconstrictors, clotting factors, growth factors, and chemical attractants.

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Veins, capillaries, and arteries.

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood to the heart.

What are the three main layers of blood vessels?

Tunica externa (outer), tunica media (middle), and tunica intima (inner).

What are vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Vasoconstriction decreases vessel size, increasing blood pressure; vasodilation increases vessel sizes, decreasing blood pressure.

What is the compostion of capillaries?

Single layer of squamous epithelium.

What are the functions of endothelium?

Maintain a selectively permeable barrier, modulate immune response and blood flow, secrete hormones, and modify lipoproteins.

What are the structural differences between arteries and veins?

Arteries have thick walls, veins have thin walls and larger lumens.

What special stucture do veins have that arteries dont?

They have valves to prevent backflow of blood.

What supports blood flow of the blood coming from the toes, back towards the heart?

Low pressure and skeletal muscle pump.

What are the three main functions of blood?

Transport, regulation, and protection.

How are red blood cells produced?

Kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

What do blood cells regulate?

pH and ion composition, and regulate body temperature.

What can replace oxygen binding to hemaglobin and cause death?

Carbon Monoxide

Summarize the main types of blood vessels?

Capillaries are single cell thickness, veins have thin walls and carry blood towards the heart, and arteries have thick elastic walls and control blood pressure.