Anxiety and Depression Drugs

Which drugs are classified as Benzodiazepines?

Alprazolam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Chloriazepoxide, Temazepam, Midazolam

What is the mechanism of action for Benzodiazepines?

Enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA

What is the suffix of Benzodiazepines?

-pam or -lam (also chlordiazepoxide)

What are some complications of Benzodiazepines?

Sedation, Ataxia, Lightheadedness, Amnesia*, Respiratory depression

What is the antidote for Benzodiazepines?

Flumazenil

Which drugs are classified as Nonbarbiturate Anxiolytic?

Buspirone

What is the mechanism of action for Nonbarbiturate Anxiolytic?

It's unknown

What do Nonbarbiturate Anxiolytic bind to?

Seritonin and Dopamine

What are some complications of Nonbarbiturate Anxiolytic?

Suicidal ideation, lightheadedness, headache, nausea

Which drugs are classified as SSRIs?

Fluoxetine, Citalopram, Escitlopram, Paroxetine, Sertraline

What is the mechanism of action for SSRIs?

Block reuptake of serotonin

What is the suffix for SSRIs?

-pram or -ine

What are some complications for SSRIs?

Sexual dysfunction, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, suicidal ideation, weight gain, insomnia, serotonin syndrome, hyonatremia

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Life-threatening emergency leading to fever, respiratory distress, seizures, and tachycardia. STOP medication!

What is serotonin syndrome?

Life-threatening emergency leading to confusion, agitation, hostility, hallucinations, and fever. STOP medication!

What is withdrawal syndrome?

This happens when a drug is stopped abruptly and causes headaches, nausea, dizziness, and tremors.

Which drugs are classified as SNRIs?

Venlafaxine and Duloxetine

What is the mechanism of action for SNRIs?

Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

What are some complications for SNRIs?

Serotonin syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, suicidal ideation, sexual dysfunction, hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia*

Which SNRI drug is commonly used for Fibromyalgia pain and neuropathic pain?

Duloxetine

Which drugs are classified as Tricyclic Antidepressants?

Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, and Amoxapine

What is the mechanism of action for Tricyclic Antidepressants?

Blocks norepinephrine and serotonin

What is the suffix of tricyclic antidepressants?

-triptyline or -pine

What are some complications of tricyclic antidepressants?

Can’t see, pee, spit, shit, constipation*, hyperhidrosis (abnormal excessive sweating), serotonin

What advice should be given to patients taking tricyclic antidepressants who experience dry mouth?

Chew on sugarless gum or hard candy. DO NOT ADMINISTER FLUIDS

What advice should be given to patients taking tricyclic antidepressants who experience constipation?

Increase fluid intake and fiber

What advice should be given to patients taking tricyclic antidepressants who experience photophobia?

Wear sunglasses when going outdoors

Which drugs are classified as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors?

Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Tranylcpromine, Selegiline

What is the mechanism of action for Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors?

Blocks MAOI enzymes, increasing the amount of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and tyramine

What are some compliactions of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors?

Hypertensive crisis and CNS stimulation (anxiety, agitation)

What foods should the patient avoid while being on a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors?

Foods high in tyramine. THINK: charcuterie board. (salami, aged cheese, pepperoni, banana, avocados, soy sauce, beer, red wine, smoked fish)