Early developments in the cold war 1945-49- Soviet expansion, iron curtain, marshall plan, truman doctrine (copy)

how did stalin expand the SU in eastern europe

set up satellite states to create a buffer zone and stop US imperialism

how did stalin set up satellite states

Soviet amry stationed in large parts of EE, ensured communist politicians had main role in gov, politicians manipulated elections, communist parties merged together

first step in taking over EE

take over poland, free elections in 1945, allowed london poles to return, more free elections in 1947 but used intimidation to ensure communist victory, london poles executed

second step in take over of EE

take over of Bulgaria and Romania, red army swept in and set up communist govs in 1944

what happened in Romania

feb 1945, soviet politician ordered king to appoint new PM appointed by stalin, communists in charge, free elections allowed full control, monarchy abolished in 1947

what happened in Bulgaria

elections held in nov 1945, rigged and communists won, sept 1946 communists abolished all other parties and executed anyone opposing

step 3 of take over

take over of Hungary and Czechoslovakia

what happened n Hungary

free elections in Nov 1945, non- communists won, elections in august 1947 and communists won, nov all non-communist parties banned

what happened in Czechoslovakia

joined gov of non-communists and communists, free elections in 1946 communists got 38% of votes, elections in may 1948 but comm scared cause might loose, used force to seize power, rigged elections and won

how did USA react to take over

USA moved away from isolationism and built up its own group of pro-american states that included the worlds richest industrialised states

what was the iron curtain speech

written by churchill, talked about divide between east and west and called for an American-British alliace to meet communist menace

stalin response to churchill

made a fierce speech accusing churchill and friends in US of being warmongers and comparing them to hitler

what was the crisis of 1947

economic crisis in western europe, discontent made people turn to communism, USA realised unless things improved possibility communism comes to power, feb 1947 britian cannot help troops in greece and turkey so america took over

truman doctirine

world had a choice between communsim and democratic freedom, USA had to fight for liberty when threatened, communism had to be contained, USA would send financial aid to gov threatened by comm

consequences of truman doctrine

announced USA would play part in politics, world was now divided by ideology, end of grand alliance beginning of cold war, successful in greece and turkey

aim of marshall plan

beat communism using military strength and economic assistance to strengthen europe

consequences of marshall plan

june 1947 USA announced it would offer help to western countires, stalin refused, western germany accepted this angered Soviet authorities, great success

how did the marshall plan USA

rebuild Europe, created wealthy trade partners who would want to buy american goods

what was the long telegram?

Written by George Kennan USA ambassador in Moscow

Soviets were paranoid about the outside world destroying communism

Stalin wanted to destroy capitalism

Communism was inherently expansionist

22 Feb 1946

Iron Curtain Speech

Winston Churchill

5 March 1946

Spoke in the USA , missouri warning about the divide in europe between communism / capitalism and west / east

Change in USA foreign Policy :

went from isolationism (not getting involved in other countries affairs) to containment (limiting communism in other countries)

Truman Doctrine

12 March 1947 President Truman gave speech to congress

claiming wherever there was a struggle between communism and capitalism (democracy) he would aid democracy.

Marshall Plan

between 1948 and 1952 USA gave 13.7 billion dollors

(Britain recieved ¼ of aid

other countries : west germany, turkey, greece , italy , austia , france

Dollar imperialism

To stalin , the USA was trying to extend control over Europe.

Dividing europe economically in two .

USA trying to establish an economic empire

Cominform

22 Sept 1947

collection of stalins communist satellite states

rejected marshall aid

Comecon

25 January 1949 , response to Marshall aid plan to help communist countries so they are not tempted by the USA trade

Members : Soviet Union , Hungary, Poland , Romania.