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What were the 4 part of the colonies?
New England
Middle
Upper South
Lower South
What states were in the New England colony?
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Hampshire
What states were in the Middle colony?
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware
What states were in the Upper South colony?
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
What states were in the Lower South colony?
South Carolina
Georgia
What religion was Massachusetts?
Pilgrams and Puritans
What religion was New Hampshire?
Puritans
What religion was Connecticut?
Puritans
What religion was Rhode Island?
Puritans
How does England challenge Spain?
Henry VIII breaks away from the church
Sir Francis Drake (pirate) - “sea dogs“
England colonizers Ireland
Spanish Armada wrecked
What were “sea dogs”?
People who were told by Queen Elizabeth to raid English enemies (Protestant)
How did England view the Irish?
English viewed Irish Catholics as “savages“
Why was the Spanish Armada wrecked?
Storm
Fire ships
English had smaller ships
What were the motivations of English colonization?
Enclosure Movement
Overpopulation - “Sturdy Beggars“
Failures in Ireland
Mercantilism
What was the Enclosure Movement?
A movement to take away farmer’s land and give it to animals to graze
Who were “Sturdy Beggars“?
Sturdy Beggars were people who could work but begged or wandered for work instead
How was Ireland during the English Colonization era?
Ireland was a deathland
What is Mercantilism?
Wealth that comes from gold/silver
What does Mercantilism lead to?
Colonization
War
What were the “Laws of Primogeniture”?
Laws that stated who received the land (usually the son)
What was a Joint-Stock Company?
A company that was owned by multiple shareholders
Who were “West Country Men”?
People who pushed the English to colonize the New World
What were the other reasons for colonization?
Black Legend
Religious Dissent (Arguments because of Religion)
Where was Roanoke?
North Carolina
Why was Roanoke important?
An attempt to establish a colony in North America
Who found Roanoke?
Sir Walter Raleigh
What year did the colonists find Roanoke?
1585
How many times did the English group try to conquer Roanoke?
3 times
What happened at the last attempt to conquer Roanoke?
Colony was gone and the word “Croatan“ was left on a tree
What was the Virginia Colony?
Joint Stock Company founded to make profits in America
When was the Virginia Colony founded?
1606
Why was the Virginia Colony named “Virginia“?
“Virgin“ Queen Elizabeth
What was Jamestown?
The first permanent English colony in America
Where was Jamestown?
Virginia
What was prominent of Jamestown?
Location
Work Ethic - “Starving Time“
Anglo - Powhatan Wars
John Smith and Pocahontas
What was “Starving TIme“?
A policy made by John Smith saying those who did not work could not eat
What was the relationship between the Jamestown colonists and Indians?
Colonists were reliant on the Powhatan Indians, but the relationship was not always friendly
Who else lived with the Jamestown Colonists?
Powhatan Indians
What was “Brown Gold“?
Tobacco
Who found Tobacco?
John Rolfe
Where was Tobacco found?
Virginia
Where was the Chesapeake Region?
Virginia
What was the “Headright System“?
A system that gave a man 50 acres of land for each indentured servant that they brought
What were “indentured servants“?
Men who wanted to work in the colonies without wages (Not Forced to do work)
Where was the “House of Burgesses“ found?
Virginia
Who was not a fan of the “House of Burgesses“?
King James
Why did King James not like the “House of Burgesses“?
He believed in the absolute authority of kings
Who founded Maryland?
Lord Baltimore
Why was Maryland founded?
To get profits and refuge for Catholics in England
What crop did Maryland grow?
Tobacco
What was created to support the crops?
Slavery
What type of colony was Maryland?
Proprietary Colony
What was a Proprietary Colony?
A colony run by one or more private land owners that retain rights
What was the “Toleration Act“?
An act that allowed religious freedom for Catholics
What is Feudalism?
A caste system in which people were ranked (in a triangle based on importance)
What was the “Middle Passage”?
The journey of African slaves across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World
What were “Slave Codes“?
Laws based on slavery to prevent slave rebellions
What type of were Georgia and Carolina?
Restoration Colonies
What were “Squatters“?
People who took unoccupied land, but does not have permission
What were the main crops of Georgia and Carolina?
Rice
Indigo
What was Carolina’s main function?
Supply the Barbados/Caribbean to make sugar
What type of colony was Carolina?
Proprietary colony
What type of colony was Georgia?
Penal/Buffer/Charity colony (For debt)
Who was John Winthrop?
A Puritan who made the concept of “A City On a Hill“
What does “A City On a Hill“ mean?
How Massachusetts would shine and rise above
Where did John Winthrop help?
Massachusetts
Where was Bacon’s Rebellion?
Chesapeake (Jamestown)
Who was involved in Bacon’s Rebellion?
Lord Berkley and Nathaniel Bacon
What was Lord Berkley’s opinion?
Favored the elite over the poor farmers
What did Bacon do in Bacon’s rebellion?
Attacked Jamestown with African Americans to make Natives leave
What was “Salutary Neglect“?
The British colony of lenient tax enforcement or laws (Colonists ignored British Laws)
What was the “Pequot War“?
War between the Puritans and Native Americans
When was the “Pequot War“?
1637
Which war was the Crown involved in?
Pequot’s War
Where was the “Pequot War”?
Connecticut
What was “King Philip’s War“?
A war to drive the colonists out of North America
When was “King Philip’s War“?
1675-1678
What were “Praying Towns“?
Places where colonists would take Natives to study American culture
What was “Narragansett“?
A hit and run tactic with many indian tribes
Why did the Crown get not involved with King Philip’s War?
The colonists were Puritans
What book did Martin Luther make?
95 Theses
What did Martin Luther do?
He nailed the “95 Theses“ on the church doors
Who was John Calvin?
A Protestant reformer who made “Calvinism“
What was the main idea of “Calvinism“?
Predestination
What was “Predestination“?
The idea of that everything that happens has been determined by God
What were the 4 causes of the Reformation?
Martin Luther
John Calvin
King Henry VIII
Controversy of the Church
What did King Henry VIII do?
Form a new Church of England (Anglican Church)
Who were Pilgrams?
Separatists from the Church that came from Holland
Who were Puritans?
Non-separatists from the Church
When did the Pilgrams come to America?
1608
Why did the Pilgrams come to America?
They wanted their children to be raised as pure Protestant
What was the “Mayflower Compact”?
A document similar to a democracy
Where was the “Mayflower Compact“ from?
Massachusetts
Who was William Bradford?
A Separatist and one of the original settlers in the Plymouth Colony
Who was Squanto?
An interpreter for the Englishmen in Plymouth
Who hated Puritans?
King Charles I
Who found the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Puritans
What did “blue laws“ do?
Regulate morals
What government system did John Winthrop make?
General Court
What was the "Great Migration”?
70,000 refugees left England to go to America
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Flashcard (21)