5.4 Body Cavities and the Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

distorting

Biến dạng

disrupting

Làm gián đoạn

The posterior (dorsal) cavity has two main subdivisions:

cranial cavity , spinal (vertebral) cavity

The cranial cavity houses the brain and pineal and pituitary glands.

• It is protected by the bones of the skull and the cerebrospinal fluid.

The spinal (vertebral) cavity encloses the spinal cord.

• It is protected by the spinal column and the cerebrospinal  fluid.

The anterior (ventral) cavity has two main subdivisions:

thoracic cavity,abdominopelvic cavity

thoracic cavity

contains the heart, lungs, trachea, and bronchial tubes.

mediastinum

located between the lungs and contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.

pericardial cavity

within the mediastinum and is formed from the pericardium, which is a double membrane that surrounds the heart.

pleural cavity

a smaller cavity within the thoracic cavity. The lungs are protected by a double membrane called the pleura, and the space between the pleura is the pleura cavity.

The diaphragm is a muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates it

from the more inferior abdominopelvic cavity.

• No membrane physically divides the .

• abdominopelvic cavity

The abdominopelvic cavity houses both

abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.

abdominal cavity houses the digestive organs

stomach, liver, gallbladder, and small and large intestines)

The organs in the abdominal cavity are surrounded by a double membrane called

peritoneum

The space between this double membrane is called

peritoneal cavity.

pelvic cavity

inferior to the abdominal cavity. It contains the male or female reproductive organs, urinary system organs (urinary bladder, ureters, urethra), rectum, and anus.

hydrocephalus

a condition in which there is an increase in fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) in the cranial cavity.

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

abdomin/o

abdomen

anter/o

front

cephal/o

head

crani/o

skull

hydr/o

water

lapar/o

abdomen

mediastin/o

mediastinum

myel/o

spinal cord

pelv/o

pelvis

peritone/o

peritoneum

phren/o

diaphragm

pleur/o

pleura

poster/o

Back, behind

spin/o

Spine

spondyl/o

Backbone, vertebra

thorac/o

Chest