psych/soc content Visual Sensory Information from 335 pg doc

transmission

electrical activation of one neuron by another neuron.

perception

conscious sensory experience of neural processing.

processing

neural transformation of multiple neural signals into a perception.

transduction

occurs whenever energy is transformed from one form to another; in this case, light energy is transformed to electrical energy by rods and cones.

sensation

requires a physical stimulus to be converted into a neural impulse. • In the case of the eye, light is being converted to a neural impulse by a photoreceptor.

What is light?
o Light is an _______________wave.
o Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum contains everything from gamma rays (low wavelength) to AM/FM waves (long wavelength). ________________ is in the middle of the EM spectrum.
§ Violet (400nm) - Red (700nm). _____________ to ___________wavelength: ROYGBV
o The ______ is one of most common sources of light

electromagnetic
Visible light
highest to lowest
Sun

Light enters pupil and goes to retina, which contains ___________ and __________
o There are 120 million _________, for night vision
§ Light comes in, goes through pupil, and hits rod. Normally rod is turned on, but when light hits turns ______.
§ When rod is off, it turns on a _______cell, which turns on a retinal ganglion cell, which goes into the optic nerve and enters the brain.
o There are 6-7 million _______
§ 3 types:_____,_____,_______
§ Almost all cones are centered in _________, which is the center of the macula.
• Ex. Helps us search for Waldo.

rods and cones
rods
off
bipolar
cones
red, green, blue
fovea

_________________________: what happens when light hits rod/cone
Light hits rods (which causes rod turns ______) then bipolar cell (turns on) then retinal ganglion cell (turns on) then _________________ then BRAIN.
§ The phototransduction cascade is the process of rod turning from ____ to _____

Phototransduction cascade
off
optic nerve
ON to OFF

Bipolar cells
found in the _____
send visual signals from rods and cones to _____________

retina
ganglion cells

ganglion cells
found in the _________
________ cells send signals to __________ cells

retina
bipolar cells send signals to ganglion cells

optic nerve
_______ signals which _______ the eye.

visual, leave

trichromatic theory of color vision

you have cones that receptive to 3 colors: red, green, and blue. These colors mixed together and you perceive color

opponent process of color vision

you have cones that perceive 4 colors: red, green, blue and yellow.
red and green oppose each other.
blue and yellow oppose each other.
black and white oppose.
only 1 color can dominate at a time.