Failure to reach a negotiated settlement 1640-49

1640

Nov

• long parliament assembles

• Strafford impeached

Dec

• Root and Branch petition

Make up of Long Parliament

• large opposition majority, led by Pym (wants to destroy C1 ability to rule w/o parliament)

• Pym's Junto - coherently organised group of MP's linked to members of the Lords, strategy to defeat Charles' plans

When was Strafford impeached?

Opening of Long Parliament, nov 1640

who did parliament threaten to impeach alongside strafford??

any sheriff/customs officer who had collected ship money or tonnage and Poundage

when/what was Root and branch petition

Dec 1640

Petition signed by 15,000 Londoners + surrounding counties -> reversal of Laudian reforms and end of episcopacy - division within parlt. , can't agree, put it aside

what/when was triennial act

1641

Passed through parlt. Gets King's assent. Parlt. Called every 3 years , provision to assemble even if the king had not called. Charles needs money, so concedes

What happened in May 1641

Act of Attainder

• Declares a person/group guilty of crime + punishes w/o trial.

• To aid passage through Lords against Strafford, Pym reveals 'army plot' rumour catholic officers (+queen) raising army to dissolve parlt. + release strafford.

• Mob surrounds parliament demanding strafford's head

what/when was the irish rebellion

• 1641

• Rumours!! Irish catholics attacking protestant settlers .

• Terrifying = leaders of rebellion claimed King's support.

• Parlt. Dilemma. Give money to king to put down rebellion or would he use army against parlt?

what/when was grand remonstrance

Nov 1641

-outlined parlt.’s Grievances with king, pym hoped it would unite parlt., remind of what CI had done wrong. Passed by only 11 votes

what happened in jan 1642

• Rumours opposition were trying to impeach the queen.

• C1 attempted to arrest 5 commons MPS for treason - lead 300 soldiers into parlt.

• Tipped off = fled.

• Breached parliamentary privilege

what/when were 19 propositions

• June 1642

• Supposedly basis for for negotiated settlement BUT were radical (parlt. To oversee education of CI children) little more than a statement of their case for war, charles rejected

when did First English Civil war start?

• Aug 1642

• Parlt. Raise army, charles raises standard in nottingham, declaring war on parlt.

• Initial advantage was with king, controlled most of the country, tactical victory oct. 1642 at edgehill

what/when was solemn league and covenant

• 1643

• Parlt split into 'peace' and 'war' party

• Solemn league and covenant = alliance with the Scots to bring them into war - instrumental for Marston Moor victory

when was Marston Moor, who emerged as leading parliamentary general?

1644, oliver cromwell

what happened at Naseby

1645, New Model Army crushes Royalist forces

when did Charles surrender, to who?

1646 - Scots

• Scots and English offer proposals, scots more generous. C1 tries to play for time, scots get frustrated and hand him over to English in feb 1647

when was newcastle propositions, what did they say

1646-7 - FROM PARLIAMENT

• Parlt. Nominate key ministers

• Parlt, control militia for 20yrs

• Bishops abolished, presbyterian church established

who were the levellers

army members wanting religious freedom

when were the heads of proposals, what did they say?

FROM ARMY - Aug 1647

• Biennial parlt.

• Parlt, nominate key officers of state for 10 yrs

• Parlt. Control militia for 10 yrs

• Bishops remain, powers reduced, greater freedom allowed

when did the second civil war start? How?

1647

• King escapes captivity oct. 1647, recaptured.

• Secretly agreed with scots to establish a presbyterian church in return for military assistance

• Scots entered apr 1648, defeated by cromwell in august

• Army met in nov. = king can't be negotiated with

• Parliament wanted to continue negotiating

what/when was pride’s purge

1648

• Commons surrounded by soldiers

• Colonel thomas pride excluded 186 MPs who wanted to negotiate, and arrested 45 who had been active in discussions

what/when was trial/execution of Charles I

1649

Court of 130 MPS appointed by rump, high court of justice created

Trial at westminster \hall

Parlt. Argued that by restarting the Civil war he had gone against God's judgement, sentenced to be beheaded

excecuted Jan 30