Chapter 2 Cell Biology

These flashcards cover key concepts from cell biology, including cell structure, transport mechanisms, and mitosis.

What is the basic unit of life in the body?

Cell.

What surrounds and protects the cell?

Plasma/cell membrane.

What structures contain the genetic material of the cell?

Nucleus.

What is the liquid part of the cytoplasm called?

Cytosol.

What model describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Fluid Mosaic Model.

What kind of transport requires no energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient?

Passive transport.

What is the process called when water diffuses through a semipermeable membrane?

Osmosis.

What type of solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell?

Hypertonic solution.

What process uses vesicles to bring materials into the cell?

Endocytosis.

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Protein synthesis.

What type of endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Where do lysosomes originate from?

Golgi complex.

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Generation of ATP.

Which type of cell division results in two identical daughter cells?

Mitosis.

What is the function of the centrioles?

Formation site for mitotic spindle.

What is the DNA's role within a cell?

It directs cellular activities.

What is the main difference between the hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?

Hypotonic has less solute compared to hypertonic.

What is the term for programmed cell death?

Apoptosis.

What are the two phases of the cell cycle?

Interphase and mitotic phase.

What is the main component that distinguishes active transport?

It requires energy from ATP.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Final modifications, sorting, and packaging of proteins.