Matter in Our Surroundings

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to matter, states of matter, and properties of particles as discussed in the chemistry lecture notes.

Matter

The material that makes up everything in the world that takes up space and has weight.

States of Matter

The distinct forms that different phases of matter take on, commonly solid, liquid, and gas.

Continuous Motion

Particles of matter are in constant motion, possessing kinetic energy that increases with temperature.

Particles of Matter

Tiny components that make up matter, which exhibit spaces between them.

Kinetic Energy

The energy that particles possess due to their motion; increases with temperature.

Attractive Forces

The forces that particles exert on each other, causing them to stay together.

Sublimation

The process where a solid changes directly to gas without becoming liquid.

Examples of Sublimation

Dry ice, naphthalene, iodine, and ammonium chloride can undergo sublimation.

Effect of Change of Pressure

Compressing a gas reduces the distance between its particles, potentially liquefying it.

Evaporation

The process where liquid changes into vapor at temperatures below its boiling point.

Factors Affecting Evaporation

Exposed surface area, temperature, humidity, and wind speed influence the rate of evaporation.

Cooling by Evaporation

Evaporation cools the surroundings by absorbing latent heat of vaporization.

Compression

The act of applying pressure to reduce the volume of a gas, bringing particles closer.

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Humidity

The degree of dampness of air; affects evaporation rates.

Wind Speed

Increased wind can enhance the rate of evaporation of liquids.

Solid State

Matter that has a definite shape and volume; particles are closely packed.

Liquid State

Matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container; particles are less tightly packed than in solids.

Gas State

Matter that has no definite shape or volume; particles are far apart and move freely.

Fusion

The process of melting; converting solid into liquid.

Condensation

The process of converting vapor into liquid.

Vaporization

The process where liquid changes to gas.

Interconversion of States

The process of changing one state of matter to another, affected by temperature and pressure.

Latent Heat of Vaporization

The heat required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into vapor without a change in temperature.

Dry Ice

Solid carbon dioxide that sublimates at room temperature.

China Dish Experiment

An experiment illustrating sublimation using ammonium chloride.

Molecular Distance

The amount of space between particles, impacting their motion.

Schematic Diagrams

Visual representations used to show the movement of particles in different states of matter.

Water Particles

In a solution, water particles provide spaces for solute particles, like salt.

Temperature Rise

Increased temperature leads to higher kinetic energy and faster particle motion.

Evaporation Rate

The speed at which liquid changes to vapor, influenced by environmental conditions.