Chapter 2 - Processing and representing Data

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22 Terms

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Databases

Tables with a collection of data, secondary data

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Two-Way Tables contain…

bivariate data

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Simple Bar Chart Rules

  • Bars are equal width

  • Equal gaps between bars

  • Frequency on y-axis

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Vertical Line Graph

lines instead of bars

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Composite Bar Charts

 Composite Bar Charts Has single bars split into different sections

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Stem and Leaf Diagrams

A good way of organising data without losing any of the detail

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Area of Comparative Pie Chart

Area of Pie Chart = Total Frequency

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r2 equation

knowt flashcard image
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CF Step Polygons are used for…

discrete data.

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CF Curves are used for…

continuous data.

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CF Step Polygon

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What bound is used for Frequency Polygons?

upper bounds

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Histograms have ________ gaps between bars.

no

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For a Histogram with Equal Class Widths…

x-axis = data

y-axis = frequency

Looks like bar charts without gaps.

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For a Histogram with Unequal Class Widths…

Area of bar = frequency

Y-axis = Frequency Density (not frequency)

The idea is that the frequency density reflects the ‘concentration’ of things within each range of values.

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Histogram triangle Equation

knowt flashcard image
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Drawing Histograms

  1. Calculate class widths for each class interval

  2. Calculate frequency density for each class interval using FD = F/CW formula.

  3. Draw a suitable scale on y-axis labelled frequency density.

  4. Draw bars using frequency density data. (Remember the bars have no gaps in between)

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Common errors in Frequency Polygons

  • Midpoints not used

  • Joined together at the bottom

  • Points not joined together with straight lines but with a curve instead.

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Axes and Scales that can be misleading…

  • Scales that do not start at zero.

  • Missing values on the scales.

  • Axes that are unevenly scaled.

  • Axes that are not labelled.

  • Not using a key.

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Positive Skew

Most data values are low.

<p>Most data values are low.</p>
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Negative Skew

Most data values are high.

<p>Most data values are high.</p>
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No Skew

Symmetrical distribution, data values in the middle

<p>Symmetrical distribution, data values in the middle</p>