Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized

A set of vocabulary flashcards derived from the notes on the Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized lecture, covering key concepts and terms related to the Catholic Reformation and the Counter-Reformation.

Catholic Reformation

Movement preferred by Catholics that emphasizes genuine internal reform.

Counter-Reformation

Term preferred by Protestants emphasizing the Catholic Church's reaction against Protestantism.

Council of Trent

A critical Catholic council (1545-1563) that defined doctrine and reformed abuses.

Conciliar movement

An earlier attempt to make church councils superior to the pope; defeated c. 1450.

Transubstantiation

Doctrine reaffirmed at Trent that bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ.

Papal Index of Prohibited Books

A list published by the bishop of Rome, forbidding Catholics to read certain texts without special permission.

Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

A religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540, known for education and missionary work.

Episcopal Movement

A party at Trent believing that assembled bishops collectively hold superiority over the pope.

Vulgate

St. Jerome's 4th-century Latin Bible translation declared the only authoritative version at Trent.

Private Judgment

The belief that individuals can interpret scripture more accurately than church authorities; denied at Trent.

Indulgences

The Catholic Church's practice related to remission of sins, which was reaffirmed but had abuses addressed in the Council of Trent.

Reform Decree

Decisions made at the Council of Trent aimed at reforming clerical duties and addressing abuses.

Spanish Inquisition

Established c. 1480, it was more severe than the Roman Inquisition and aimed at rooting out heresy.

Roman/Papal Inquisition

Established in 1542, it was less severe than the Spanish Inquisition.

Seminary

An institution required in each diocese by the Council of Trent for training priests.

Council Attendance Issues

Reflected the limitations of the Council of Trent; attendance was often low.

Major Doctrinal Decisions

Decisions made at Trent outlining the Catholic Church's stance against Protestant doctrine.

Clerical Education

Systematic training for priests mandated by the Council of Trent to improve clergy competence.

Monastic Orders

Religious communities that faced reforms aimed against abuses while upholding their principles.

Papal authority

Strengthened by the Council of Trent, preserving centralized authority in the Catholic Church.

Saints/Virgin Mary

Their veneration, cult, and intercession were approved as spiritually useful by the Council of Trent.