Pharmacology for HPER - Exam 1 Flashcards

Which of the following is not considered a fundamental component of pharmacokinetics?

Which of the following is not considered a fundamental component of pharmacokinetics?

Down regulation of drug receptors

During moderate- to high-intensity exercise, why is the bioavailability of most drugs altered?

Blood flow decreases to the liver and kidneys

In an obese patient, would the dose of a fat-soluble drug be increased or decreased, and why?

Increased due to an increase in the volume of distribution

What is the name for a drug that binds and activates a receptor similar to the endogenous molecule?

An agonist

A dose-response curve is useful in determining which of the following?

A drug’s potency

An ergogenic drug is one that does what?

Improves exercise performance

How is the therapeutic index (TI) used?

To determine the relative safety of a drug

Some drugs that are taken over a long period of time can cause significant problems when their use is abruptly stopped. Which of the following is true regarding these problems?

They are called a withdrawal syndrome

True/False: All humans contain the exact same enzymes, so drug metabolism is the same for all races.

False

True/False: When most drugs enter the body, they bind to a specific receptor and can alter normal physiological processes.

True

True/False: Whether a person responds to a drug or shows unwanted side effects is probably due to the interactions of several genes.

True

True/False: Examination of the dose-response curves for related drugs can help determine which drug has the highest efficacy.

True

True/False:  Drug tolerance is when more drug is needed to get the same desired effect over time.

True

True/False: Intense exercise rarely alters a drug’s bioavailability.

False

True/False: The therapeutic window is the desired range of blood concentration that is not toxic but still provides therapy.

True

Which of the following is NOT part of an exercise prescription?

Anti inflammatory drugs

How do you determine if you are becoming more fit?

Increasing VO2 max

When exercising at close to VO₂max, where is energy mostly coming from?

Muscle glycogen

Have sufficient mitochondria for oxidative metabolism

Types I and IIa muscle fibers

Are white due to lack of myoglobin

Type IIx muscle fibers

Are intermediate in their level of fatigue resistance

Type IIa

Have fast-twitch activity

Types IIa and IIx muscle fibers

Are slow twitch and fatigue resistant

Type I muscle fibers

True/False: The placebo effect means the subject has responded to taking a pill, even if the pill contains only an inert substance.

True

True/False: Exercise pharmacology studies can only be done in healthy volunteers.

False

True/False: One way to avoid a positive drug test and possible suspension is to refuse to take the test.

False

True/False: For most drugs on the Prohibited List, a complex test involving a blood sample is required.

False

True/False: Athletes have used performance enhancing substances for centuries. 

True

True/False: Regular endurance training can effect the composition of muscle fiber types.

True

True/False: A meta-analysis draws upon many different research articles, effectively increasing the number of subjects for a particular outcome.

True

How is the parasympathetic nervous system characterized?

By having very short post-ganglionic fibers

How is the sympathetic nervous system characterized?

By having long post-ganglionic fibers that branch extensively

What is the name of the site where two neurons communicate?

A synapse

The primary hormone released by the adrenal medulla, which can also have neurotransmitter activity, is referred to as which of the following?

Adrenaline

True/False: When an autonomic nerve fiber is severed, the target organ can often maintain some type of spontaneous activity.

True

True/False: Following intense exercise, the level of pain suppressing chemicals related to morphine and cannabinoids increases.

True

True/False: Highly trained individuals have marked increase in cortisol levels following a stressful event compared to untrained subjects.

False

True/False: During recovery from a bout of intense or prolonged exercise, cortisol released from the adrenal cortex helps reduce inflammation in skeletal muscles.

True

True/False: Beta-1 and beta-2 receptors are evenly distributed throughout the body.

False

True/False: Neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic cell stimulate the post-synaptic cell to propagate the signal.

True

True/False: Exercise increases adrenal activity and makes stress worse—it should be avoided.

False

True/False: Allostatic load results from chronic or persistent stress.

True

True/False: Beta-1 receptors dominate in the heart and beta-2 receptors dominate in the lungs.

True

The transmitter for post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.

Norepinephrine

The transmitter used in ganglions of the sympathetic nervous system.

Acetylcholine

The transmitter used in ganglions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Acetylcholine

The transmitter used at muscarinic receptors.

Acetylcholine

The transmitter released from the adrenal medulla.

Epinephrine

The transmitter used by motor neurons.

Acetylcholine

The transmitter used at nicotinic receptors.

Acetylcholine