Carbohydrates

General formula of monosaccharides

Cn(H2O)n

Three common monosaccharides

Trioses n=3

Pentoses n= 5

Hexoses n= 6

What is a isomer

Molecules having the same molecular but different structural formula due to a different arrangement of atoms (e.g glucose and fructose )

What are the 2 isomers of glucose

Alpha and beta

Hexose monosaccharides

Different Hexoses all have the same molecular formula (C6H12O6) but different arrangements of atoms.

We use different formulae to represent the different molecules.

How to number carbon atoms

Start clockwise from the oxygen atom

How are disaccharides form

Disaccharides are formed when 2 monosaccharides bond together through a condensation reaction releasing a water molecule.

draw the formation of a disaccharide

Describe the formation of maltose

A condensation reaction results in the formation of h2o

a OH group from the c1 of one glucose molecule is removed and the H atom from the C4 of another molecule bonds to make H2O

The resulting bond is glycosidic and is often referred to as a 1-4 glycosidic bond as these are the carbon atoms that form the bond

This results in the disaccharide called maltose

What are 3 examples of disaccharides

sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

What monosaccharides make sucrose

Fructose and glucose

What monosacchides make lactose

Galactose and glucose

What 2 monosaccharides make maltose

Glucose and glucose

How do you break a glycosidic bond

Hydrolysis

How does a polysaccharides form

When many monomers join through a condensation reaction

What’s the difference between alpha and beta glucose

Alpha below beta above (ABBA)