AP human geo unit 2

Agricultural Density

The total number of farmers per square land unit (mile or KM) of total arable land

Arithmetic Density

The number of people per square land unit (mile or KM) of total land.

Commercial Agriculture

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

High Physiological Density and High Agricultural Density

More people are involved in farming which could mean that people are growing cash crops or engaged in subsistence agriculture.

Physiological Density

The number of people per square land unit (mile or KM) of total arable land.

High physiological density and low agricultural density

Advanced agricultural technology and food secure because not everyone has to be a farmer. Engaged in commercial agriculture.

Subsistence Agriculture

Agriculture where people are growing food for their own family and community for daily consumption.

Low Arithmetic density, High physiological density and high agricultural density

Little arable land with a higher percentage of people. Being farmers = stressed land and subsistence agriculture.

Low Arithmetic and high physiological density’s

People are clustered omn the arable land which probably means little available arable land.

Megalopolis

An area that includes several large cities with overlapping boundaries meaning that there is little open or rural space separating the urban areas.

Great Lakes region

An example of a mega region that consists of Chicago, st, Louis, Milwaukee, Detroit, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus

Ecumene

An area can support a large permanent and self-sufficient population.

Megaregion

A geographical area that consists of several major cities that are linked together but have some open or rural space between them.

Shantytown

Unplanned slim development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard, Usually found in LDCs as people move from the countryside to the cities for employment.

Boshwash corridor

A megalopolis region in the United States that consists of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington DC.

Favelas

Large slums around Brazilian cities

Megacity

City with more than 10 million people

Carrying capacity

The number of people that the land can support with space and resources.

Islands of development

A single megacity located in an LDC that is experiencing significant rural to urban migration because it is the only developing city in the region.

The number of babies born per 1000 people in the population each year.

Crude birth rate

Positive correlation

A correlation where as one variable increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.

This fertility statistic allows demographers to calculate future population size.

Total Fertility Rate

The TFR which results in zero population change. It is equal to 2.1

Replacement Rate

IMR stands for ?

Infant Mortality Rate

The percent increase in a place/region/country's population each year.

Rate of Natural Increase

CBR stands for ?

Crude Birth Rate?

The number of babies who die each year per 1000 natural births before their first birthday.

Infant Mortality Rate!

Term used to describe population growth when the CBR equals the CDR.

Zero Population Growth

CBR - CDR) divided by 10 = what statistic?

Rate of Natural Increase

The number of babies who die per 1000 natural births within the first month of their lives.

Neo-Natal Mortality Rate

CDR stands for ?

Crude Death Rate?

TFR stands for ?

Total Fertility Rate?

Sex Ration

The number of male babies born for every 100 female babies born.

Elderly Dependency Ratio

The percentage of people over the age of 65 who typically are not working and are dependent on family, the government, or retirement saving for their income.

Age Dependency

The percentage of people over the age of 65 and under the age of 15 who typically are not working and are dependent on family, the government, or retirement saving for their income.

Doubling Time

The number of years needed for the population of an area to double.

Why is the Replacement rate 2.1?

It takes two children to replace their two parents; however, some children may die before becoming an adult.

Rates that measure the number of people who die and are subtracted from the population. Includes CDR and IMR.

Mortality Rates

Rates that measure births and add to the population. Includes CBR and TFR

Fertility Rates

A percentage of people who live in cities.

% Urban

The number of children who die each per 1000 before their 5th birthday

Child Mortality Rates

Youth Dependency Ration

The percentage of people under the age of 15 who typically are not working and are dependent on family, the government, or retirement saving for their income.

Calculating Doubling Time

70 divided by the Rate of Natural Increase (use the RNI as a percent)

Calculating Rate of Natural Increase

The rate of natural increase is only considers CBR and CDR. Calculation: (CBR-CDR)/10

Negative Correlation

the relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases

The number of people who die per 1000 people in the population each year.

Crude Death Rate

The number of babies the average women has. Each women must be between the ages of 15 and 45.

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of years a person is expected to live in a region/place/country

Life Expectancy

Negative Growth Pyramid (Shape)

These are countries that have experienced birth rates falling below the rate of replacement and a negative RNI. These countries are developed, but in a precarious position. DTM Stage 5?

Population Pyramid

A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population.

Rapid Growth Pyramid (Shape)

A population pyramid the represents the population distribution of a country that is rapidly increasing its population. DTM Stage 2, high TFR and RNI

Population Pyramid Anomalies

Some pyramids have anomolies. Such as those of countries with large influxes of male migrant workers building infrastructure for a global event (i.e. Qatar and the World Cup), towns with a military base, or college towns where there is a large influx of young people.

Slow Growth Pyramid (Shape)

A country that is experiencing falling birth rates but still a positive RNI of ~1%. These are nations in transition and DTM Stage 3.

Zero Growth Pyramid (Shape)

These are countries that are experiencing continued drops in birth rates. The TFR is near the rate of replacement (2.1) and the RNI is close to 0%. These are more developed countries and DTM Stage 4.

Which stage is characterized by continued high death rate but declining birth rates?

Stage 2

Which stage is known as Late Expanding?

Stage 3

Which stage is a hypothetical stage as it is a more recent development?

Stage 5

Which stage is characterized by high CBR and high CDR with a low stationary population?

Stage 1

Which stage is refereed to as low stationary?

Stage 4

Which stage may cause countries to adopt pro-natal policies?

Stage 5

Which stage has a negative RNI and a TFR that is below 2.1?

Stage 5

Which stage begins the Industrial Revolution and Medical Revolution and Second Agricultural Revolution begin?

Stage 2

Which stage consists of MDCs who entered this stage in the second half of the 1900s?

Stage 4

Which stage is represented by a greater degree of gender equality?

Stage 4

Which stage has no countries in it today?

Stage 1

Which stage is characterized by advances in medicine but not a change in culture?

Stage 2

Which stage today consists of LDC's?

Stage 2

Which stage is characterized by continuing declining death rates and beginning to decline birth rates?

Stage 3

Which stage occupies most of human history ranging from hunters and gatherers through the river valley civilizations up to 1750 AD?

Stage 1

Which stage includes countries like Germany, Russia, and Japan?

Stage 5

Which stage is characterized by a declining population due to a CBR that is lower than its CDR?

Stage 5

Many of today's MDCs entered this stage in the late 1800s and early 1900s as a result of becoming more industrialized?

Stage 3

Which stage sees a decline in birth rates due to a change in culture due to urbanization?

Stage 3

Which stage is represented by the need for more advanced education?

Stage 4

Which stage is characterized by a lack of medicine and an unstable food source which leads to high death rates?

Stage 1

Which stage is known as Transitional Early Expanding?

Stage 2

Which stage is characterized by low death rates, low birth rates, and low population growth?

Stage 4

Which stage is known as "High Stationary?"

Stage 1

Which stage consists of NITS?

Stage 3

Malaria is a parasite that is spread among humans through a bite of a mosquito. The mosquito will bite someone who is infected with Malaria and then transmit this to another human when it bites the human. This is an example of what infectious disease?

Vectored Disease

Man-Made Diseases

Degenerative diseases that are caused by human actions such as excessive stress or drug use.

Sickle Cell Anemia, Lactose intolerance are examples of this type of disease

Genetic Disease

Vectored Disease

-An infectious disease that is spread to a host through an intermediary host

Epidemic

- A disease that is spread throughout a region

Heart disease, high cholesterol, cancer, diabetes are examples of what type of disease?

Chronic Disease

Infectious Disease

A disease that is a result of a parasite that then multiples inside the body. These may be controlled through vaccinations

Epidemiological Model- Stage 1

Refereed to as the famine and pestilence stage as the leading causes of death were the lack of food and vaccinations - This stage had the greatest number of epidemics and pandemics - The Black Plague occurred during this stage

Epidemiology

A branch of medicine that deals with locating the hearth of disease, the spatial distribution and diffusion of disease, and the control of disease.

Epidemiological Model- Stage 5

In this stage, new strains of infectious diseases that are resistant to medicine or antibiotics are beginning to appear. Sometimes referred to as super viruses or super bugs

Non-Communicable Disease

A disease that is not transmitted between humans.

Epidemiological Model- Stage 3

During this stage, the leading causes of death are chronic and degenerative diseases

Non-vectored Disease

An infectious disease that is transmitted directly between a host and the victim

AIDS is a disease that is transmitted between humans through sexual conduct. This is an example of what type of infectious disease?

Non-Vectored Disease

Pandemic

A disease that is spread throughout the world

Epidemiological Model

A model that looks at the leading causes of death in each stage of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Chronic Disease

Diseases for which there is no vaccination to prevent the disease. These are noncommunicable diseases.

Degenerative Disease

Non-communicable diseases are diseases that are caused by long exposure. This exposure is due to age, exposure to toxins, exposure to environmental factors.

Genetic Disease

A disease that is linked to your genes or chromosomes and to your family history

Epidemiological Model- Stage 2

This stage is known as receding Pandemics and Epidemics due to the increase in food and available medicines

Epidemiological Model- Stage 4

Although chronic and degenerative diseases are still the leading cause of death, improvements in lifestyle, organ transplants, and new medical technologies have begun to reduce the number of deaths