democracy
Meaning ‘the people rule’. Is a form of government in which the people determine how they will be governed.
Representative Democracy
Representative government is where citizens elect representatives to make decisions for them.
Australia is a Representative Democracy.
bicameral
having two houses (Upper and Lower)
Civics and citizenship
Civics and citizenship means the government of a country and what system the country is run by. It also means laws and how they are made.
What are the two houses of parliament?
The upper house- senate in federal politics, Legislative Council in state politics
The lower house- house of representatives in federal politics, Legislative assembly in state politics
What’s the difference between the two houses of parliament?
Upper house- the senate
there are 76 members elected
12 from each state and 2 from each territory
Bill are often introduced in the lower house, so this house often acts as a house of review
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Upper house- legislative council
There are 40 seats
The upper house of victoria
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Lower house- house of representatives
There are 151 members
AUS is divided into 151 electorates with roughly the same population, each one has an MP that they vote for
House where the government is formed, where the PM sits
Most bills (laws) are introduced here
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Lower house- legislative assembly
There are 88 seats
The lower house of victoria
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What’s the difference between government and parliament?
Parliament
Parliament is made up of every single elected representative, from ALL sides (or ‘teams’) of politics
Government
The party with the majority of seats in the House of Representatives forms the government and has more power to make decisions
What are the key differences between the three levels of government?
Federal
Australia has one federal parliament
Laws for the whole of Australia, such as military, citizenship, currency
Powers come from the Constitution
State
Australia has 6 state parliaments
Laws for the whole state, such as schools, hospitals, roads, public transport, electricity and water
Local
560+ Councils across Australia
Rules for the local area, such as parks, rubbish collection, street signs, pet control
How are members of parliament elected?
For the lower house, members are elected by a system known as preferential voting
Voters need to number EVERY box from 1 (your most preferred candidate) to 5 (your least preferred)
Candidates need over 50% of votes to be elected, this is called absolute majority
If NO candidate has more than 50%, then preferences are distributed
The candidate with the LOWEST number of “1” votes has their cards looked at again and their votes now get given to whoever has a “2” next to their name
The process repeats until a candidate has more than 50% of votes
What is the australian constitution?
A constitution is a set of rules by which a country or state is run.
Why is the constitution important?
The Australian constitution is very important because it determines how the country should be run.
What is contained within the Constitution?
The constitution explains how the government should be run, its power, and how the state and federal governments work together
It explains the roles of the executive government and the high court.
How can the Australian Constitution be changed, including an example from history
The Australian constitution can be changed with a referendum
An example of a successful referendum in history was in 1967 when First Nations people could be counted as a part of the population and receive services and representation from the government.
What is a referendum ?
A referendum is a national vote to change a part of the Australian constitution.
A referendum is hard to win since it needs a double majority.
This means that over half of the states have to vote yes and half of the overall population have to vote yes.
What’s the difference between a rule and a law?
A rule:
Is usually created by an organization, club or in your household that encourages respectful and productive behaviour.
There is no legal punishment for disobeying a rule.
A law:
A law is created by the government and is a rule that you legally have to follow.
You can receive a fine, community service or jail time for disobeying the law.
Why does society need laws?
Society needs laws so everyone knows how to behave in a productive and respectful way.
What’s the difference between criminal and civil law ?
Criminal law deals with cases where a person has committed a crime against the well-being and members of the community.
Civil law deals with disputes against private people or organisations.
What’s the main role of parliament ?
The main role of parliament is to make and amend bills/laws
What’s the parliamentary process involved in making a new law?
A Bill gets researched and introduced to the first house. This is usually the lower house
second reading, members debate the bill
third reading
second house introduction and reading
second reading, members debate the bill
third reading
the bill is passed by both houses
Gets approval from the governor general
A new law is created
PM & opposition, premier & opposition
Anthony Albanese, Peter Dutton, Daniel Andrews, John Pesutto