Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
What are the atoms in a hydrocarbon?
Carbon and Hydrogen only
What is a homologous series?
group of compounds that can all be represented by the same formula
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms that can determine how a compound typically reacts
What are the first six stem words for carbon atoms according to the IUPAC system?
meth-
eth-
prop-
hex-
pent-
but-
what is the suffix for a single bond?
-ane
what is the suffix for a double bond?
-ene
What are the ways that you can represent Organic Compounds? (5)
Structural formula
Displayed formula
Molecular formula
General formula
Empirical Formula
What does the General Formula show you?
describes any member of a family of compounds (Algebraic)
What does the Empirical Formula show you?
simplest whole number ratio
What does the Molecular Formula show you?
actual number of atoms
What does the Displayed Formula show you?
SHows how atoms are arranged
What does the Structural Formula show you?
Carbon by carbon
What is crude oil?
mixture of carbons
What is the first part of Fractional distillation process?
The oil is heated until most of its liquid is turned into gas
What is the second part of the Fractional distillation process?
since there's a temperature gradient, when the substances that make up crude oil reach a part of the column lower than their boiling point they condense
What happens to the longer hydrocarbons in fractional distillation
the longer hydrocarbons that have high boiling points condense early on
What happens to the longer hydrocarbons in fractional distillation
the shorter hydrocarbons that have low boiling points condense later on the top
What do bubble caps do?
Stop the seperated liquids from remixing
What are the names of the main fractions obtained from crude oil in decreasing order? (6)
Refinery gases
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel Oil
Bitumen
What is the use of Refinery Gases?
Domestic heating
What is the use of Gasoline?
Fuel in cars
What is the use of Kerosene?
Fuel for Aircraft
What is the use of Diesel?
Fuel for larger vehicles
What is the use of Fuel oil?
Fuel for large ships
What is the use of Bitumen?
To surface roads and roofs
What is the trend in colour of the fractions?
As structure increases, it gets darker
What is the trend in boiling point of the fractions?
As the hydrocarbon structure increases, the boiling point increases
What is the trend in viscosity of the fractions?
As the chain lengths for the hydrocarbon increase, it becomes more viscous
When fuel is burned, what does it release?
It releases heat energy
what does incomplete combustion produce?
Carbon Monoxide and Soot
How can Carbon Monoxide affect the red blood cells?
It can combine with red blood cells and stop it from carrying oxygen
in cars, when temperature gets too high, what happens to the nitrogen and oxygen?
When temperatures get high enough for the oxygen and the nitrogen to make Nitrogen oxides
what compounds can be made when fuel is burnt?
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
WHat compounds form sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with the vapour in clouds?
dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid
What happens when rain has dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid
it is acid rain
What is cracking?
Thermal decomposition reaction, breaking down molecules bby heating them
What are the conditions for catalyst craking?
Catalyst
Heat: 600-700
WHat is the catalyst for catalyst cracking?
Silia or Alumina
What temperature does the catalyst has to be?
600-700
Why do people do cracking?
Because of the demand for shorter chain hydrocarbons is more than longer chained hydrocarbons
Alkanes are ______________ hydrocarbons
saturated
Alkenes are ______________ hydrocarbons
unsaturated
WHat is the general formula for alkanes?
GnH2n + 2n + 2
How does substitution reaction work?
A hydrogen atom from the alkane is substituted by chlorine or bromine form the UV light
Alkenes have a _______ Double bond
C=C
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
Why are alkenes known to be unsaturated?
Because they have a double carbon bond
What is the word equation for complete combustion?
hydrocarbon + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water
WHat is the functional group of Alkenes?
C=C
Why are alkenes unsaturated?
Because they have a double carbon bond
What is the Bromine test for?
testing double carbon bonds
What is the colour of the bormine water?
orange
If you mix bromine and an alkene together, what colour will they form?
colourless
Why does bromine change colour?
Because it is reacting to the alkenes, making dibromoalkane, which is colourless
WHat is a polymer?
substances made by joining up lots of small repeating units called monomers
how does addition polymerisation work?
alkenes open up their carbon-carbon bonds and join together to make polymer chains
Why are there problems in the disposal of addition polymers? (2)
the production of toxic gases when they are burned
their inertness and inability to biodegrade
what does the polymers inertness prevent the disposal of addtiton polymers?
Most addition polymers are inert (not reactive) because of strong carbon double bonds, which takes a lot of time to biodegrade
what does the production of toxic gases prevent the disposal of addtiton polymers?
Because if you burn plastics they can release toxic gases.
Note 
Flashcard (175)