ch 4 : flashcards

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

consciousness:

1 / 67

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

sleep

68 Terms

1

consciousness:

a state of awareness of ourselves and of the world around us

New cards
2

states of consciousness:

levels of consciousness ranging from alert wakefulness to deep sleep

New cards
3

focused awareness:

a state of heightened alertness in which one is fully absorbed in the task at hand

New cards
4

drifting consciousness:

a state of awareness characterized by drifting thoughts or mental imagery

New cards
5

daydreaming:

a form of consciousness during a waking state in which one’s mind wanders to dreamy thoughts or fantasies

New cards
6

diving consciousness:

a state of awareness characterized by divided attention to two or more tasks or activities performed at the same time

New cards
7

inattentional blindness:

the failure to notice something right in front of your eyes because your attention is directed elsewhere

New cards
8

altered states of consciousness:

states of awareness during wakefulness that are different than the person’s usual waking state

New cards
9

circadian rhythm:

the pattern of fluctuations in bodily processes that occur regularly each day

New cards
10

jet lag:

a disruption of sleep-wake cycles caused by the shifts in time zones that accompany long-distance air travel

New cards
11

sleep stage 1:

brain waves become small and irregular with varying frequencies

sleeper can easily be awakened / not even realize they’re sleeping

New cards
12

sleep stage 2:

bursts of brain wave activity represented by spindle-shaped waves called sleep-spindles

more than half of their sleep time in this stage

New cards
13

sleep stage 3 & 4 :

delta sleep/ slow-wave sleep

difficult to awaken the person

New cards
14

sleep stage 3 :

delta waves constitute 50% or fewer of the brain wave patterns

New cards
15

sleep stage 4 :

delta waves constitute more than 50% of the brain wave patterns

New cards
16

REM sleep:

the stage of sleep that involves rapid eye movements and that is mostly closely associated with periods of dreaming

New cards
17

why do we sleep:

  1. protective function

  2. conserve bodily energy

  3. restoration function

  4. memory consolidation

New cards
18

activation-synthesis hypothesis:

the proposition that dreams represent the brain’s attempt to make sense of the random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep

New cards
19

manifest content:

the events that occur in a dream

New cards
20

latent content:

this is the true , underlying meaning of a dream disguised in the form of dream symbols

New cards
21

lucid dreams:

dreams in which the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming

New cards
22

sleep- wake disorders:

a diagnostic category of psychological or mental disorders involving disturbed sleep patterns

New cards
23

insomnia:

difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or returning to sleep after nighttime awakenings

New cards
24

narcolepsy:

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by sudden explained “sleep attacks”

can use stimulants as treatments

New cards
25

sleep apnea:

temporary cessation of breaking during sleep

New cards
26

nightmare disorder:

a type of sleep-wake disorder involving a pattern of frequent, disturbing nightmares

New cards
27

sleep terror disorder:

a type of sleep-wake disorder involving repeated episodes of intense fear during sleep, causing the person to awake abruptly in a terrified state

New cards
28

sleep waking disorder:

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by repeated episodes of sleep walking

New cards
29

meditation:

process of focused attention that induces a relaxed, contemplative state

New cards
30

transcendental meditation:

a form of meditation in which practitioners focus their attention by repeating a particular mantra

New cards
31

mantra:

a sound or phrase chanted repeatedly during transcendental meditation

New cards
32

mindfulness meditation:

a form of meditation in which one adopts a state of nonjudgmental attention to the unfolding of experience on a moment-to-moment basis

New cards
33

hypnosis:

an altered state of consciousness characterized by focused attention, deep relaxation, and heightened susceptibility to suggestion

New cards
34

hypnotic age regression:

a hypnotically induced experience that involves reexperiencing past events in one's life

New cards
35

hypnotic analgesia:

a loss of feeling or responsiveness to pain in certain parts of the body occurring during hypnosis

New cards
36

posthypnotic amnesia:

inability to recall what happened during hypnosis

New cards
37

posthypnotic suggestion:

a hypnotist’s suggestion that subject will respond in a particular way following hypnosis

New cards
38

neodissociation theory:

a hypnosis based on the belief that hypnosis represents a state of dissociated (divided) consciousness

New cards
39

hidden observer:

part of consciousness that remains dethatched from the hypnotic experience but aware of everything that happens during it

New cards
40

psychoactive drugs:

chemical substances that affects a person’s mental or emotional state

New cards
41

drug abuse:

maladaptive or dangerous use of a chemical substance

New cards
42

polyabusers:

people who abuse more than one drug at a time

New cards
43

drug dependence:

a severe drug-related problem characterized by impaired control over the use of the drug

New cards
44

physiological dependence:

a state of physical dependence on a drug caused by repeated usage

New cards
45

withdrawal syndrome:

a cluster of symptoms associated with abrupt withdrawal from a drug

New cards
46

tolerance:

a form of physical habituation to a drug in which increased amounts are needed to achieve the same effect

New cards
47

drug addiction:

drug dependence accompanied by signs of physiological dependence, such as the development of a withdrawal syndrome

New cards
48

psychological dependence:

a pattern of compulsive or habitual use of a drug to satisfy a psychological need

New cards
49

internet addiction:

a nonchemical form of addiction characterized by excessive and maladaptive use of the internet

New cards
50

depressants:

drugs, such as alcohol and barbiturates, that dampen (slow down) central nervous system activity

New cards
51

intoxicant:

a chemical substance that induces a state of drunkenness

New cards
52

alcoholism:

a chemical addiction characterized by impaired control over the use of alcohol and physiological dependence on it

New cards
53

narcotics:

addictive drugs that have pain-relieving and sleep-inducing properties (opiotes)

New cards
54

barbiturates:

calming or sedating drugs that have several legit medical uses

New cards
55

stimulants:

a drug that activates the central nervous system, such a amphetamines and cocaine

New cards
56

hallucinogens:

drugs that alter sensory experiences and produce hallucinations

New cards
57

delirium:

a mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, difficulty in focusing attention, and excitable behavior

New cards
58

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is located in the______

hypothalamus

part of the brain that regulates the body’s circadian rhythms

New cards
59

masking:

a procedure of preceding or following stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus

New cards
60

flash suppression:

a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items

New cards
61

attentional blink:

occurs when your attention to a first stimulus blocks notice of a second stimulus

New cards
62

binocular rivalry:

an alteration between seeing a pattern in the left retina and the pattern in a right retina

New cards
63

all-or-none phenomenon:

either the brain activity spreads strongly through the brain, or it does not

New cards
64

construction:

conscious experience of a stimulus is a construction that can occur slightly after the stimulus itself, rather than simultaneously with it

New cards
65

brain death:

the brain shows no activity and no response to any stimulus

New cards
66

coma:

the brain shows a steady but low level of activity and no response to any stimulus

New cards
67

vegetative state:

limited responsiveness to stimuli, such as increased heart rate in response to pain

New cards
68

minimally conscious state:

brief periods of purposeful actions and speech

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 37 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 43 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 455 people
... ago
5.0(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (122)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (105)
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (76)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (51)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (77)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (31)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (162)
studied byStudied by 42 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot