pect module 3

An understanding of which of the following mathematical concepts is most helpful when working with probabilities?

ratios and proportions

A Venn diagram would be most appropriate for visually representing which of the following problems?

what are the common multiples of 2, 3, and 5

A teacher wants to help students develop their understanding of the relative magnitude of numbers. Which of the following types of mathematics learning materials would be most effective for the teacher to use for this purpose?

number lines

Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for solving the problem below?

One week Liam baked some cookies and gave half of them away. The next week Liam baked twice as many cookies as the week before and gave half of them away. The third week Liam again bakes twice as many cookies as the week before and gave half of them away. If Liam gave away 24 cookies the third week, how many cookies did he give away all together?

working backward

To correctly use the ordinal numbers first through fifth with a group of five objects placed in a row, a young child must first be able to:

recognize that the last number counted is the number of objects in the group

A preschool child measures the length of a long rectangular block by lining up several smaller blocks along the length of the longer block. This demonstrates that the child has an understanding of which of the following measurement concepts?

unit iteration

With respect to mathematics instruction, a standardized developmental screening test would be most appropriate for helping a second-grade teacher:

identify whether any student is at risk of a possible learning problem in mathematics

A kindergarten teacher wants to promote students' ability to interpret data. The teacher provides stickers of various colors and asks students to select the sticker that best matches the color of the shirts they are wearing. The students then place the stickers in columns based on color on a large sheet of paper. To meet the objective of the lesson, the most appropriate step for the teacher to take next would be to:

ask students to identify which columns have more stickers and which have fewer

A second-grade teacher is having students work on adding double-digit numbers. The teacher writes a problem on the board, asks students to estimate the answer, and then asks them to explain how they arrived at their answers. As students listen to their peers' explanations, some students are able to revise their answers correctly while others are not. Which of the following follow-up activities would be most appropriate?

working with students in small groups to help students at different ability levels construct their understanding of the concept of addition

Which of the following mathematics activities would be most appropriate for promoting preschool students' skills in measurement?

sequencing three different events that occur in the daily classroom routine

A third-grade teacher is developing a criterion-referenced test for a mathematics unit on multiplication. During the unit, students use arrays to solve multiplication problems involving one- and two-digit numbers. To produce a valid criterion-referenced test for this unit, the teacher must:

include test questions that allow students to solve multiplication problems using arrays as they did during the unit

A preschool teacher wants to promote children's skills related to counting and comparing numbers. Which of the following activities is most appropriate to use for this purpose?

letting the class vote on which book the teacher should read next and then asking the class which book won based on the votes

A third-grade student is having difficulty solving word problems in mathematics. Which of the following strategies would be most helpful for the teacher to suggest the student use FIRST?

restating the problem in his or her own words

A teacher provides mathematics instruction using manipulatives, worksheets, games, and class discussions. The primary benefit of providing instruction in multiple formats is that it:

addresses a variety of learning styles

A teacher gives groups of students a number of triangles, squares, and semicircles and asks the students to combine these shapes to make as many different figures as they can. This activity will help build a foundation for students' future development of which of the following skills?

determining the area of irregular shapes

During group time, a preschool teacher uses shapes made out of felt to create a circle-circle-square pattern. The teacher asks children which shape should come next to continue the pattern. Some of the children say a circle and some say a square. Which of the following teacher strategies will best help the children construct their own understanding of the concept?

having the children say the pattern out loud as a group and again asking which shape should come next

A second-grade class is beginning a unit on weather. Which of the following activities associated with this unit would be most effective for helping the students develop an understanding of the foundations of scientific inquiry?

the teacher sets up a simple weather station and has the class keep regular rainfall and temperature records

To present the concept of the conservation of mass to children in a prekindergarten class, it would be most appropriate for the teacher to ask the children to:

roll out balls of clay into flat pancake shapes and then discuss the concepts of shape and weight

A teacher is planning an activity to introduce the concept of density to first graders. The teacher would like to get students interested in the topic by using a discrepant event that surprises them with a result they do not expect. Which of the following activities would be most effective for stimulating students' interest in this topic?

After filling one glass with a saturated salt solution and one glass with tap water, the teacher asks the students to predict what will happen when an eff is placed in each of the two glasses

A first-grade teacher is planning a unit on insects with the goal of motivating students to be good scientific observers of the natural world. The most effective way to achieve this goal would be to have the students:

make drawings of ants from memory to share with the class and then observe real ants and draw them again

A third-grade teacher is planning a science unit on human body systems, a topic that has quite a bit of specialized scientific terminology associated with it. In presenting information during the unit, it is most advisable for the teacher to:

use the appropriate scientific terminology

A fourth-grade teacher wants to integrate the arts into the science curriculum. Which of the following student activities would be most appropriate for this age group?

researching an animal's habitat and creating a diarama

A teacher wants to introduce a kindergarten class to the concept of structure and function in living systems. Which of the following activities would provide the most appropriate introduction to the biological concept of structure and function for this age group?

comparing what different insects look like with how they move

As a third grader works on a diagram of the water cycle, the classroom teacher gives her specific feedback on the task while also asking the student to evaluate her own work. The teacher hopes the interaction will help him adapt his teaching approach to the student's learning style and encourage the student to become more involved in her own progress. Which of the following descries this type of interactive assessment?

formative assessment

A second-grade teacher wants to develop an assessment that evaluates student achievement in science over time and involves students in their own evaluations. The teacher could most effectively achieve this by using which of the following assessment strategies?

having each student maintain a portfolio containing a variety of work samples

At the start of a fourth-grade unit on the physical environment, which of the following questions should a teacher ask to promote the idea that the rock cycle and water cycle interact as part of a larger earth system?

how do rivers change the surface of the land?

One of the strongest arguments in favor of using an inquiry approach to teach elementary science is that with the inquiry approach elementary students can:

expand their innate curiosity about a topic into a more structured science investigation

A first-grade teacher is modifying a weather activity to incorporate a mathematics component. The original activity involves reading to the class a children's story about a large storm and then asking the class questions about how weather has affected their lives. Which of the following student-centered mathematics activities would provide the most age-appropriate link to the first-grade mathematics curriculum?

developing a histogram showing rainfall for a month based on data collected using a rain gauge

A second-grade teacher introduces students to the concept of renewable and nonrenewable resources in a discussion about the environment. A student asks the teacher why water is considered a renewable resource when it disappears after it rains or goes down the drain after a bath. Which of the following facts about water should the teacher cover in order to answer the student's question?

the role of evaporation, condensation, and stream flow in cycling water between the oceans, atmosphere, and land

As part of a school program encouraging recycling, a second-grade teacher and her class decide to examine how their lunch and snack choices affect the trash the class generates. The students begin by setting aside all the plastic packaging materials from their lunches. For this grade level, which of the following activities would best help the students recognize the impact of their lunch choices on the plastic waste the class generates?

putting all plastic packaging materials in a recycling bin to see how long it takes to fill

Students in a second-grade class observe a bird feeder hanging from a tree outside the classroom. The students observe that the birds have beaks of different shapes. Some birds are able to crack the seeds easily, while other birds pound at the seeds to open them. The students also notice that some of the birds can cling to the side of the tree, and others only perch on branches. Using the students' observations would be an appropriate way to introduce which of the following life science concepts?

adaptation

Which of the following assessment instruments would be most appropriate to use to evaluate the gross-motor development of a five-year-old student?

observational checklist

A first-grade teacher has assessed students' abilities in various gross-motor movements such as skipping, galloping, and sliding. Some of the students can do some of the movements but not all three. Based on these assessment results, the teacher could best promote the gross-motor development of all students in the class by:

playing a simple game in which students skip, gallop, or slide

Which of the following activities is more developmentally appropriate for fourth-grade students than for first-grade students?

playing team sports that require strategy

Formative assessments in motor development would best be used for which of the following purposes?

identifying strengths and weaknesses in performance of motor skills

According to the USDA, which of the following is a component of a healthy diet?

consuming less protein from animal sources and increasing consumption of beans and nuts

Which of the following actions is most effective for reducing the risk of respiratory problems in children due to poor indoor air quality

improving ventilation by opening windows and doors for a part of each day

A kindergarten teacher wants to promote the development of students' manipulative skills. The most developmentally appropriate activity for this purpose would be for the teacher to have the students:

use an underhand throw to toss the beanbags to a partner from various distances

A prekindergarten teacher would like to support students' safety knowledge and skills by promoting their ability to make 911 calls in an emergency. The teacher can best accomplish this goal by FIRST:

reading aloud a story in which a child calls 911 and discussing the story with the class

Which of the following questions is most important for a kindergarten teacher to consider FIRST when planning instruction to develop students' motor skills?

what activities are appropriate for the physical and cognitive levels of the students?

In a first-grade class, the teacher introduces students to the conflict-resolution strategy below:

1. STOP before you lose your temper

2. SAY what you think the conflict is about

3. LISTEN to the other person's feelings and ideas

4. THINK of solutions that will satisfy both of you

The teacher asks students to describe some conflicts or disagreements they have had with another person at school. The teacher then guides pairs of students in role-plays to explore how the conflict-resolution steps could be applied in similar situations. Which of the following ideas is most important for the teacher to emphasize to students as they practice using step 2 of the conflict-resolution strategy?

using a WHAT or WHY message to explain what is bothering them, instead of a message that blames the other person

Which of the following is a developmentally appropriate physical activity goal for kindergarten students?

learning how to skip and gallop with ease

A preschool program has just received four new tricycles. On the day that the tricycles arrive, the children are excited and anxious to get outside to play with them. Prior to having students ride the tricycles, it is most important that the teacher:

provides the children with helmets and instruction on how to safely ride the tricycles

A kindergarten teacher has several students who lack the fine-motor skills required for writing and forming letters. Which of the following instructional activities is likely to be most appropriate for these students?

engaging the students in building with small blocks and working with clay

A four-year-old child's inability to perform which of the following tasks could indicate a need for further assessment of the child's motor development?

kicking a stationary ball

Fourth graders are engaged in an online activity where they enter their age and keep a food and activity log for a week. The program gives them recommendations for healthy eating and activities. The primary benefit of this type of activity is that it:

promotes self-responsibility for personal health and fitness

During an outdoor activity, a teacher throws a large ball to fourth-grade students. Instead of throwing the ball directly to the students, the teacher throws it so that the students need to move forward, backward, or laterally to catch the ball. This activity is likely to contribute most effectively to the students' development of which of the following skills?

perceptual