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Muscle wood
Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana
Bark: smooth, bumpy, looks like muscles becauses of twists and turns
leavs: simple, ovate, standard birch
no exfoliation
fruit: terminal, tiny little nutlets
American Hazelnut
Betulaceae Corylus americana
Shrub, many stems
BROAD LEAVES, size of hand, pubescence on underside
twigs: coarse, feel like stubble, sparse, pubescence, have catkins
Ironwood
Betulaceae ostrya virginiana
Exfoliating wood, vertically
very small tree, super s=dense and tough wood,
doesnt move much when shaken
has "hops" super tolerant
Paper birch
Betulaceae Betula papyifera
Fruit: catkins on edge of twigs
Leaves: diamond shape, small, like a kite, serrate
bark: ****ing paper birch. cmon
twigs: maroon color
river birch
betulaceae betula nigra
Bark: exfoliating bark, shaves off to show tan, almost white
catkins terminal on twig
leaf: doubly serrate
twight: light tan, pubescent, gets darker w/ age
light grey bark w/ hints of orange
yellow birch
Betulaceae Betula alleghaniensis
Leaves: bigger than other birches, similar to elms
bark: more flat, breaks up w/ age. splotches of white
tolerant
big lenticles, yellowish color
twigs smell & taste like wintergreen
brown pinecone thingys
Black Birch
betulaceae betula lenta
Bark: black color, scaley when old, very tight exfoliation
lenticles same color as bark, very hard to see
twigs smell & taste like wintergreen
intol
White Ash
Oleaceae Fraxinus americana
Leaves: standard ash leaf, pin comp
Leaflets take up all the possible space, no gaps between leaflets
LEAF SCAR IS A V SHAPE
more disorganized furrows
yellow, brown, purple, or red fall color
Green Ash
oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica
LEAF SCAR FLAT
FALL COLOR ONLY YELLOW
canoes with bark ridges, more organized
twig: pubescent
Blue Ash
Oleaceae Fraxinus quadrangulata
TWIGS ARE FOUR SIDED, pretty obviously a square
pin comp, opp
lots more leaflets
bark: light, tight ridges, bumpy & clumpy
upland species