WEEK 1-P1

BIOPHARMACEUTICS

The science that examines the interrelationship of the physicochemical properties of the drug, the dosage form in which the drug is given, and the route of administration on the rate and extent of systemic drug absorption.

BIOPHARMACEUTICS

- The study of the chemical and physical properties of drugs, their components, and their activities in living organisms.

PHARMACOKINETICS

- The study of the time course of drug movement in the body during absorption, distribution, and elimination.

METABOLISM + EXCRETION =

ELIMINATION what combine

METABOLISM + EXCRETION + DISTRIBUTION

DRUG DEPOSITION what combine

LIBERATION

Delivery of the active ingredient from a dosage form into solution

DRUG RELEASE PROCESS

LIBERATION aka

DISINTEGRATION

from a large solid particle to smaller/finer particle

DISSOLUTION

solid particles from disintegration convert to liquid phase by proper solvent

RATE-LIMITING STEP

slowest step, KINETIC STEP

Sublingual

Clonidine (Catapres) hypertensive

under the tongue;

ex:

Buccal

Fentanyl (Duragesic) for severe pain

between gums and inner lining of the mouth cheek

ex:

Extended release

WHAT RELEASE

• it makes the drug longer for Prolonged effect

Delayed release

WHAT RELEASE

• later pa sya mag take effect;

• it needs a certain amount to release its therapeutic effects

Targeted release

WHAT RELEASE

: prolongedbut localized/ in specific place.

ABSORPTION

• The process of uptake of the compound from the site of

administration into the systemic circulation.

ABSORPTION

• The movement of the drug from the site of application to the bloodstream.

SYSTEMIC: BLOOD FLOW

BIOAVAILABILITY

• A measurement of the rate and extent of systemic absorption of therapeutically active drug

FIRST-PASS EFFECT

• a phenomenon in which a drug gets metabolized at a specific location in the body that results in a reduced concentration of the active drug upon reaching its site of action or the systemic circulation

DISTRIBUTION

- transfer of the drug from the blood to extravascular fluids and tissues

DISTRIBUTION

the amount of blood perfusion in an area of the body also affects the rate at which the drug could bedistributed there.

METABOLISM

Detoxification/Biotransformation

• enzymatic or biochemical transformation of the drug substance to (usually less toxic)metabolic products, which may be eliminated more readily from the body

Xenobiotics

foreign chemicals; not naturally inside the body

EXCRETION

- final loss of the drug substance or its metabolites from the body

POLAR METABOLITES

THROUHT THE KIDNEY

NON POLAR DRUGS

THOUGH THE BILE

RESPONSE

- Refers to the therapeutic effect, subtherapeutic effect, side effect and toxic effect.

LIVER

FIRST PASS EFFECT what organ

SMALL INTESTINE

METABOLISM what organ

KIDNEY

EXCRETION what organ