INORGANIC CHEMISTRY MIDTERMS

Solids

Solids

In handling, scooping, or pouring from their containers, they should be shaken or loosen first

Bottle caps

These should be placed upside down on the desk or held in between fingers when not in use to prevent contamination

Stirring rod and funnel

These can be used to transfer liquids from containers that does not have spout to direct their flow

Bumping

The sudden release of vapor caused by over-heating

Anti-bumping granules

Aside from stirring rods or broken ceramic, these pieces of chips can be placed in liquids to avoid bumping

Test tubes

These should be moved up and down while heating to avoid bumping

Colored liquids

When measuring their volume, you should read right at the upper meniscus

Clear liquids

When measuring their volume, you should read right at the lower meniscus

Eye level

When measuring volume, this is how you should read the result

Aspirator

A rubber apparatus that is used to suction liquids with a pipette

Index finger

The finger that is used to cover the tip of the pipet to hold or release liquids

Contamination

This is what is lessened when you dont let the tip of the pipette touch the bottom of the container

Shake

This is what you should not do to a pipette to get its last drop

Clean

You should make sure that your plate or pan is ____ before using scales

Zero adjust knob

This is what you should focus on when you want to obtain zero reading

Poise

These should be adjusted to zero before using scales

Pointer or beam

This should swing to zero on the center mark

Weighing containers

These are what you should use along with the scale when you want to measure weight

Thermometer

A device that measure temperature

Mercury thermometer

A thermometer with a silver tip

Alcohol thermometer

A thermometer with a red tip

Dilution

A process that turns a concentrated liquid into a less concentrated one

3AW

A rule that should be strictly followed when doing an acid dilution

Water

This is a solvent that should not be added to acids to prevent unwanted reactions

Sedimentation

A process of allowing particles in the water to settle out of the suspension due to gravity

Sediment

A product obtained after letting mixtures settle down

Decantation

A process that separates liquids from solids or liquids by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer at the bottom

Filtration

A process that separates solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid

Filter paper

a piece of semi-permeable paper that is commonly used in filtration

Filtrate

The liquid obtained after filtration

Residue

The solid substances that were filtrated

Sublimation

A phase-change separation that turns solid to gas immediately without passing through the liquid state

High pressure

This is what a mixture should have to undergo sublimation

Iodine

An example of a dark liquid that can easily go though sublimation.

Centrifugation

A process that separates solid to liquid by spinning them around an axis at high speed

Mother liquor

The liquid obtained after centrifugation

Evaporation

A process that turns liquid to gas through the use of heat

Distillation

A process that separates components of from a liquid through selective boiling or evaporation and condensation

Distillate

The liquid obtained after distillation

Chromatography

A process that separates the minute components of a mixture between two phases: stationary and mobile

Stationary phase

A phase in chromatography that is fixed

Mobile phase

A phase in chromatography that carries the components of the mixture through a medium

Measurement

Process of quantifying the properties of an object by expressing them in terms of a standard unit

English System

A unit system that started due to the widespread trading in a lot of countries (US, British empire)

Imperial system

The other term for English system

Metric system

The decimal system of weights and measures

Base unit

This is what each of the measures of the metric system have

10

The metric system is divided by the power of ___

Prefix

This part of the unit name of the metric system indicates whether the unit is smaller or larger than the base unit

Chemistry

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

Chemistry

It is also called as "central science" since it bridges physics with other natural sciences

International System of units

The modern form of metric system

SI unit

The other term for the most used system of measurement

Meter

The base unit of length or distance

Liter

The base unit of volume or capacity

Gram

The base unit of mass or weight

Second

The base unit of time

Degree Celsius

The base unit of temperature

Mass

The measure of the amount of matter in an object

Weight

The force that matter feels due to gravity

Conversion factor

A term that converts a quantity in one unit to a quantity in another unit

Factor-label method

The use of conversion factors to convert a quantity in one unit to a quantity in another unit

Cancel

This is what you should do to unwanted units

Temperature

The measure of how hot or cold an object is

Density

The physical property that relates the mass of a substance to its volume

Specific Gravity

the quantity that compares the density of a substance with the density of water at the same temperature

Exact numbers

Results from counting or part of a definition

Inexact numbers

Results from measurement or observation but can contain some uncertainty

Significant figures

all digits in a measured number including one estimated digit

Non-zero digits

All of these are considered significant

Significant

A zero is considered as ___ if it is between 2 non-zero digits

Significant

A zero is considered ___ if it is at a trailing zero in a number that has a decimal place

Not-significant

A zero is considered ____ if it is a leading zero

Not-significant

A zero is considered ___ if it is at the end of a number that does not have a decimal point

Drop

When rounding off, this is what you should do to the rounding place numbers when it is 4 or less

Add 1

When rounding off, this is what you should do to the rounding place numbers when it is 5 or more

Place value

the position of a digit in a number

Least significant figures

In multiplying and dividing significant figures, the digits of the final answer should be the same as the number with the ____

Least decimal places

In adding and subtracting significant figures, the digits of the final answer should be the same as the number with the ____

Scientific notation

A method that is used to represent very large or small numbers in a simpler form

Positive

When converting standard numbers to scientific notation, moving the decimal to the left signifies a ___ exponent

Negative

When converting standard numbers to scientific notation, moving the decimal to the right signifies a ___ exponent

Right

When converting scientific notation to standard form, a positive exponent means that you should move the decimal to the ____

Left

When converting scientific notation to standard form, a negative exponent means that you should move the decimal to the ____

Graduated cylinder

• used for measuring volumes

• has spout

• not for mixing, stirring, heating, weighing

• has a long neck

Volumetric flask

• measures one specific volume that is marked by the etched line on the neck

• easy to mix solutions in because of its glass stoppers and design

• used in preparation of solutions or precise volume

Pipette

• used for measuring specific volumes

• used with an aspirator

To deliver pipette

• A graduated pipette that is calibrated to deliver the specified volume of liquid when properly expelled

• the last drop of liquid should be blown out of the tip for exact measurement

To contain pipette

• A graduated pipette that is calibrated to hold the exact specified volume of liquid

• the last drop of liquid should be blown out of the tip in a separate container

Erlenmeyer flask

• designed for easy stirring as it can be swirled by hand without spills

• not for measuring as it has an accuracy of 5%

• used as container with cork stopper for storage, weighing, heating, and mixing

beaker

• holds volumes of liquid

• not for measuring as it has an accuracy of 5%

• for heating, transferring liquids, and container for weighing

• has a spout

Test tube

• hold and mix small samples

• used as a reaction vessel

• stirred by tapping the bottom with 2 fingers

Test tube rack

Hold or support test tube upright when observing or drying

Test tube brush

It is used to clean test tubes

Test tube holder

It is used to hold test tube in place when hot or shouldnt be touched with bare hands

Watch glass

A round concave glass dish that is used for evaporation, weighing, or covering other instruments

Evaporating dish

-It is made of glazed porcelain or ceramic that is used to heat or evaporate samples under high heat

Funnel

This is mainly used as an aid in transferring liquids

Stirring rod

This is used to stir things and aid in liquid transfer

Hot plate

This is used to heat volatile substances