Gregor Mendel and Genetics

Flashcards covering key concepts related to Gregor Mendel's research and the principles of genetics.

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of __.

Genetics

Mendel's studies on pea plants were important because they helped establish the basic laws of __.

Inheritance

The common pea plant was an excellent model organism because it has __ traits that are easy to observe.

Discrete (or distinct)

The 'blending theory' of inheritance suggests that offspring are a __ of the traits from their parents.

Blend

Continuous traits, like height, can take on a range of values, whereas __ traits, like flower color, have distinct categories.

Discontinuous

Mendel was able to identify patterns in inheritance through his study of traits that were __.

Discontinuous

Mendel's method of hybridizing pea plants involved __ to control the reproduction of plants and observe inheritance patterns.

Cross-pollination

In genetics, true breeding refers to organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves when __.

Self-fertilized

The terms P, F1, and F2 describe the __ generation and its successive generations.

Parental and filial

Genotypes refer to the genetic makeup of an organism, while __ refer to the observable physical traits.

Phenotypes

Dominant alleles mask the effect of __ alleles.

Recessive

A Punnett Square is a tool used to predict the __ and phenotypes of offspring based on parental genotypes.

Genotypes

Variation of offspring is important because it provides the raw material for __.

Natural selection

Genotypes and phenotypes may not always align with Mendelian predictions due to __ factors.

Environmental or genetic

Examples of __ genetics include incomplete dominance and codominance.

Non-Mendelian

The chi-square test helps scientists determine if there is a __ relationship between two variables.

Significant

The null hypothesis states that there is no effect or __ relationship, while the alternative hypothesis suggests that there is one.

Significant

The results of our fly lab investigation provided insight into the __ of traits and inheritance patterns.

Distribution

Mendel's findings laid the foundation for modern __ theory.

Genetic