Important People in The Reformation

Honors World Civilizations 9

Desiderius Erasmus - Writer

• Wrote largely about the need for a pure and simple Christian life (no rituals or politics).

• Famous for being a leading Christian humanist (his works are censored and condemned by the church)

• He believed in the education of children

Sir Thomas More - Humanist

• Wrote the novel "Utopia" for a humanist audience that becomes widely read across Europe.

• Criticized the English government and society as a whole.

• The title of the book became a common word for an ideas society.

Martin Luther - Monk

• Started the Protestant Reformation

• Believed in salvation by faith alone

• Wrote 95 Theses criticizing indulgences

• Translated the Bible into German

John Calvin

• Protestant reformer

• Believed in predestination

• Created a theocracy in Geneva

  • Spread Calvinism

Henry VIII

• Wanted to get a divorce

• Built the Church of England

  • Act of Supremacy

Edward VI

• Son of Henry VIII

• Protestant

  • Died from Tuberculoses

Mary I

• Bloody Mary

• Daughter of Henry VIII

  • Catholic

Elizabeth I

• Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

• Protestant

• Brought religious stability

Ignatius of Loyola

• Founded Jesuits

• Ran Jesuits like a military organization

  • Focused on education and missionary work

Pope Paul III

• Called Council of Trent

• Investigated corruption and abuses

• Approved the Jesuit order

  • Used the Inquisition to fight heresy

Pope Paul IV

• Created the Index of Forbidden Books

  • ordered to burn banned books

Francis of Sales

• helped convert Protestant areas back to Catholicism

• founded the Visitation of Holy Mary

  • trained women to become teachers

Mary Ward

• created a network of schools for girls

  • her ideas were considered radical and dangerous

Teresa of Avila

• Reformed the Carmelite Order

  • stricter religious rules

Girolamo Savonarola

• preached against corruption and luxury in the Church

  • Bonfire of the Vanities

Charles Borromeo

• Archbishop of Milan

  • founded schools to train priests