Chem bonding

Bonding

The process by which atoms combine to form molecules or compounds.

Noble Gases

Elements in Group VIII of the periodic table that are inert due to having full outer electron shells.

Ion

A charged atom or particle formed by gaining or losing electrons.

Ionic Bond

An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent Bond

A bond consisting of a shared pair of electrons between two atoms.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.

Coordination Number

The number of ions of opposite charge surrounding a ion in a crystal lattice.

Lattice Structure

A regular arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in three-dimensional space.

Metallic Bonding

A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons in a 'sea of electrons'.

Hybridization

The mixing of atomic orbitals to create new hybrid orbitals for bonding.

Tetrahedral Structure

A molecular shape where a central atom is bonded to four other atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron.

Sigma Bond

A bond formed by the head-on overlap of orbitals.

PI Bond

A bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.

Polarity

The distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond.

Covalent Network

A structure where atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network.

Delocalized Electrons

Electrons that are not associated with a single atom or bond and are free to move within a material.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces that occur between molecules, influencing boiling and melting points.

Electrostatic Attraction

The force of attraction between oppositely charged particles.

VSEPR Theory

A model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms.

London Forces

Weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary dipoles in molecules.

Dipole Moment

A measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecular system.

Malleability

The ability of a material to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking.

Ductility

The ability of a material to be drawn out into a thin wire.