PULMO - 02. Bronchial Asthma

What is the physiologic abnormality of asthma?

Airway hyperresponsiveness

ASTHMA: Imbalance favoring TH1 or TH2? production

TH2

ASTHMA: Increase in what cytokine?

IL-1 AND IL-5

ASTHMA: Increased what cell type?

eosinophils

What is the term used in whorls of shed epithelium in mucus plugs in asthma?

Curschmann spirals

What is the term used in crystalloid made up of eosinophil membrane protein seen in both asthma and amoebiasis?

Charcot-Leyden crystals

What is the most common allergen that trigger asthma?

Dermatophagoides (house dust mites)

What is the most common trigger of acute severe asthma?

URTI (rhinovirus, RSV, coronavirus)

What is the mechanism of exercise-induced asthma (EIA)?

Hyperventilation

Exercise-induced asthma is best prevented by regular treatment with

inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)

What diagnostic test confirms airflow limitation with a reduced FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEF?

Spirometry

What are the most common side effects of B2-agonists?

Muscle tremor and palpitations

What is the most common side effect of anticholinergics?

Dry mouth

Nausea, vomiting, and headaches are the most common side effects of what asthma drug?

theophylline

What is the most effective controller for asthma?

Inhaled corticosteroids

What is the most common reason for poor control of asthma?

Non-compliance with medications (ICS)

Short-acting B2-agonists, ICS, and theophylline are drugs that are safe for asthma in

pregnancy