History Test on Tuesday 10/15/24

definition and significance of the creation mandate

The unique calling of God to human kind to exercise dominion over the earth. God called us to do good things in the environment

relationship between creation mandate and the stewardship of the earth

The creation mandate says that God created mankind to have dominion over the earth. The relationship between that, and stewardship taking care of the earth and being accountable for creatures

implications for the study of geography

helps us understand the environment, cultures, and other places in general

falls impact on human culture and relation

the world itself was affected by the curse of sin, and we can see signs all over the world today such as murder, rape, destruction, etc.

changes in the natural world (post fall)

cursed the ground, introduced pain and suffering like child birth, separation from God, broken human stewardship

the land promised to Abraham

known a “promised land” part of God’s covenant with Abraham. Foundational to identify of Israelites and their identity with God.

significance of the promised land

Not just physical territory, place where Abrahams descendants would become a great nation and live under God’s laws, symbolizes God’s faithfulness

geographic implications of the promised land

detailed and have historical and cultural dimensions, gives a direct location “extends from river of Egypt to great river.” Canaan Focal point this are became central to Israelites and their relationship with God

Role of Geography in the new testaments and spread of the Gospel

Book of Acts is structured around geography. The disciples sent out missionaries in fulfillment of Great Commissions

important locations in the new testament and significance

Jerusalem: crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus

Bethlehem: Birth place of Jesus

Nazareth: Childhood home of Jesus

Israel: land promised to Abraham ect.

how geographical context influenced the early church

Cultural diversity: different beliefs practices etc. churches benefitted from diverse populations allowing for interactions between Jesus and Gentiles so he could spread the word to other groups of people

Dominion (biblical perspective)

since the earth is important to God it should be important to Christians, dominion contrasts with environmentalism which seeks to limit man kinds control over the earth

Difference between biblical dominion and secular environmentalism

biblical: mankind has dominion over the earth, believes we are caretakers of Gods creation, stewardship

secular: prioritizes well being of the earth/ planet,

concept of stewardship and creation care

taking care of the earth and the environment is a way to show respect towards God

importance of geography in understanding country

knowing about geography helps you connect with your culture and improve travel communications

how geography shapes cultural practices and societal structues

geography shapes how cultures develop. It influences daily life by influencing factors like natural resources, climate, and topography

definitions of culture and its components (political, economic, religious)

a system of customs, traditions, and habits that people use to make something of their world.

Importance of studying culture within the field of geography

helps us understand how people interact and how they are impacted by their environment

multiculturalism

the belief that all cultures are equally valid, is commonly accepted today

challenges multiculturalism presents to the Christian perspective

promotes idea that all cultural practices are equally valid which might go against a christian perspective

suggest christian approaches to multiculturalism

christians should respect and see good in the other cultures. at the same time we must realize that all cultures have been affected by the fall

geography

the study of earth and maps/ where places are

2 branches of geography

physical: study of earth and its resources

human: study of man as he lives on earth

5 fundamental themes of geography

Location: specific (absolute) relative to surrounding environment

place: physical and human characteristics

interaction: both among people and between their environment

movement: of people, goods, ideas, diseased, etc. moving from one place to another

region: defined by formal boundaries or functions

examples of each geographical theme and significance

location: coordinates 48.8584 N etc.

place: landmarks, time square/ central park

Interaction: re-landscaping and changing buildings

movement: human movement- traveling by train to chicago

region: Rocky mountains/ cultural region of america south

historical background (Eratosthenes)

1st great geographer, wrote a book called geography, calculated a close circumference of the earth

Eratosthenes major contributions to geography

being the 1st to calculate the circumference of the earth by using angles of shadows cost in different locations. came up with the term geography, created earliest map of the world using latitude and longitude

overview of Ptolemy’s influence on map making and geography

promoted the geocentric theory

geocentric model and its implications

places earth at the center of the universe. the geocentric model reinforces the belief that humans were the focus point of the universe

heliocentric theory

theory that the sun is at the center of the universe with earth and other planets orbiting around it

geocentric theory

theory that the earth is the center of the universe with all planets orbiting around it

key figures associated with each theory

Nicolas Copernicus: heliocentric theory

Ptolemy: geocentric theory

topography

detailed land features, including elevation

importance of studying topography

because its useful to find physical characteristics of earths surface and provides information to do environmental science

definition of latitude and longitude in mapping

latitude: lines (parallels) that run east and west around the earth

longitude: lines (meridians) that run north and south around the earth

how these lines pinpoint locations on the globe

both lat. and long. lines work together creating a grid that accurately identifies locations on the globe

explanation of map distortion issues when representing theyre on flat surfaces

each map might have different distortion of shape, distance, direction

overview of different types of map projections

mercators: direction and shape are accurate, area and distance is distorted

Goodes interrupted: area and shape are accurate but distance and direction are distorted

azimuthal: uses flat plane, useful for compact areas

conic: cone shaped paper, useful for wide regions

relief maps and their purpose

a physical map that shows changes in elevation (different colors) the purpose is for visual representation with little figures

how contour lines indicate elevation changes and terrain features

elevation is shown by using different colors, and contour lines separate each color

Gods principle of individuality

that we are our own person and God created us all differently with different qualities

example of its application in education and significance (individuality)

we all have different ways and styles we learn by

Christian character

being representative of Christ by our actions when no one is watching

example of its application in development of virtues (christian character)

the creator created us to create, to do our own work, cheating is a sin and breaks 10 commandments

Gods principle of self government

being responsible for ourselves “ownership”

ex. of its application in education and personal responsibilities (self government)

being responsible for doing our notes and homework

outline method

main topic (heading), subtopics (subheading), detailing/ info

Cornell method

divide page into 3 sections, left column has the key words and ideas, the right column is the note taking area, and the bottom is the summary section

mind mapping method

central idea in middle branches from each section of notes and sub branches from main branches

key points regarding the christian view of environmentalism

because the earth is important to god, it should be important to christians

explanation of the concepts of dominion and stewardship

genesis 1:26 says we are called by god to have dominion over the earth and stewardship to keep it clean

explain how history connects using the 6 degrees of separation

suggests that any 2 people are 6 or less social connections apart

example of interrelated historical events, people, and ideas

connects major events like wars or revolutions, families and historical figures