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Dominant party systems
A political system in which one party remains in control of political power.
Party system
The way in which political parties relate to each other in a political system as a whole.
Two party system
A party system in which two major parties dominate and smaller parties have difficulty gaining representation.
Multi-party systems
A party system in which multiple parties compete for political power.
Electoral autocracy
A system in which elections occur, but the incumbents manipulate the process to ensure their victory.
Hybrid regimes
Political systems that combine elements of both democracy and authoritarianism.
Repression
The act of using force or coercion to suppress opposition or dissent.
Authoritarianism
A system of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.
ANC (African National Congress)
A dominant political party in South Africa that was originally a national liberation movement.
Legitimacy
The belief or acceptance that a government or political system has the right to exercise power.
Opposition party
A political party that is not in power and serves as a check on the ruling party.
Factional politics
Internal divisions and conflicts within a political party.
Consensus-seeking
The process of seeking agreement or common ground among different factions or groups.
Incumbency advantages
The benefits enjoyed by a political party or candidate already in power.
Blurring of party-state boundaries
The merging or overlapping of roles and responsibilities between a political party and the state.
Media interference
The manipulation or control of media outlets by the ruling party to influence public opinion.
Crushing legitimate opposition within party
The suppression or marginalization of dissenting voices or factions within a political party.
Stability
The state of being stable or secure, often associated with a dominant party system.
Internal pluralism
The existence of multiple factions or groups within a political party.
Ethnic politics
The use of ethnic identity or affiliations to gain political support or advantage.
Hard decisions
Difficult or unpopular policy choices that a ruling party may have to make.
Causes of OPD (Overlapping Party and State Domination)
Factors that contribute to the emergence and persistence of dominant party systems.
Hyper-incumbency advantages
The excessive advantages enjoyed by a ruling party due to its control over state resources.
Pork-barrel projects
Government projects or spending that primarily benefit a specific constituency or political party.
Public sector employment
The hiring of individuals by the government to work in public sector jobs.
State resources
The assets, funds, and facilities controlled by the government.
Private funders
Individuals or organizations that provide financial support to political parties.