LangLit Semester 1 Final Exam Review

Dependent Clause

A group of words with a subject and predicate that do not form a complete thought; this is not a sentence. (Indicated by a marker word)

Independent Clause

A group of words with one subject and one predicate that form a complete thought.

Subject

The topic of the sentence.

Predicate

The action word in the sentence.

Conjunction

A part of speech that links together words and phrases.

Simple Sentence Structure

A single independent clause without any dependent clauses.

Compound Sentence Structure

A sentence with multiple independent clauses and no dependent clauses. Compound sentences are held together by a conjunction or semicolon.

Complex Sentence Structure

Has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Compound-Complex Sentence Structure

Has two or more independent clauses joined with a conjunction & at least one dependent clause.

Odysseus

• King of Ithaca

• Trojan War hero

• Penelope’s husband

Penelope

• Odysseus’ wife

• Challenges the suitors to use Odysseus' bow

Alcinous

• King of the Phaecians

• Helps Odysseus return to Ithaca

Calypso

• The woman who held Odysseus the longest

Circe

• Goddess of magic

• Turns Odysseus' men into pigs

Telemachus

• Odysseus' son

Polyphemus

• The cyclops

• Odysseus rejects his apology, bringing down a curse on Odysseus and his crew

Poseidon

• God of the sea

• Father of Polyphemus

Eurylochus

• second-in-command of Odysseus' ship during the return to Ithaca after the Trojan War.

Hermes

• Known as the trickster god

Tiresias

• Blind prophet

Charybdis

• A huge whirlpool in the sea

Scylla

• Monster that lives in a cliff

The Sirens

• mythical creatures who were half-woman and half-bird.

• lured sailors to their deaths in dangerous waters with their irresistible song

Antinous

• Leader of suitors

• Killed with an arrow to the throat

Eurymachus

• one of the leading suitors of the maiden Penelope

Eumaeus

• a loyal servant to Odysseus

• a herder of animals

• the servant tasked with handing Odysseus' bow to the suitors

Odysseus and his men raid the Cicones at Ismarus.

1st

Odysseus and his men land at the island of the Lotus Eaters.

2nd

Odysseus and his men encounter the Cyclops.

3rd

Odysseus and his men leave the island of Aeolus, who gives a parting gift to Odysseus and his men.

4th

Odysseus and his men stop in the land of the Laestrygones.

5th

Odysseus and his men stop at Circe’s Island

6th

Odysseus and his men visit the underworld.

7th

Odysseus and his men sail past the Sirens.

8th

Odysseus and his men sail past Scylla and Charybdis.

9th

Odysseus and his men land on Thrinacia, the island of the sun god Helios.

10th

Her kidnapping led to the Trojan War?

Helen

Epic

A long, narrative poem that tells about the adventures of a hero who reflects the ideals and values of a nation or race.

Epic Simile

An elaborate, more involved version of a comparison that uses the word “like” or “as.”

Epic Hero

A larger-than-life figure, usually male, who embodies the ideals of a nation or race.

Epithet

A brief, descriptive phrase that helped to characterize a particular person or thing.

Muse

The goddess of poetry.

How do the men escape from the cyclops?

• drug him with strong wine

• blind him

• ride sheep out of the cave

What does the cyclops do after he finds out Odysseus' real name?

• throws rocks at his boat

• apologize for his actions

• curse Odysseus and his men to a horrible fate

What happens to the bag of bad winds given to Odysseus?

It is opened by the crew.

What is Circe's curse on Odysseus' men?

She turns them all to pigs.

How does Odysseus convince Circe to reverse her curse on the men?

Promises to sleep with her.

Where do Odysseus and his men travel after leaving Circe the first time?

The Underworld

Who do they see in the Underworld?

Tiresias

What is vital in getting past the Sirens?

Beeswax

How many men does Scylla take from each ship that passes?

6

What should Odysseus NOT do with Scylla, according to Circe?

Fight it

How does Antinous treat the servants in Odysseus' home?

He insults them.

How does Odysseus prove his identity to his trusted servants?

A scar from his childhood.

Who does Odysseus NOT reveal himself to before the battle with the suitors?

Penelope

Which suitor begs for forgiveness from Odysseus?

Eurymachus

What god/goddess helps Odysseus in the battle with the suitors?

Athena

Why does Penelope test Odysseus after the battle with the suitors?

• It's been 20 years since she has seen him.

• Marrying her is worth a lot of money.

• Marrying her is worth a lot of power.

What is Odysseus' bed made of?

An olive tree.

Exposition

characters, setting, and basic situation are introduced

Rising Action

conflict starts with an inciting incident and begins to intensify

Climax

conflict reaches its highest point of drama or tension

Falling Action

tension in the story lessons

Resolution

conflict ends, and remaining issues are resolved

Foreshadowing

be a warning or indication of (a future event)

TYM Characters

Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones and Roger

The Necklace Characters

Mathilde Loisel, Monsieur Loisel, and Madame Forestier

TMDG Characters

Rainsford, Zaroff, and Ivan

TCA Characters

Montresor and Fortunato