Gas Laws and Redox Reactions

Boyle's Law Definition

For a constant amount of an ideal gas (moles unchanged) at a constant temperature, volume change is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to pressure change.

Boyle's Law Formula

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Charle's Law Definition

For a constant amount of an ideal gas (moles unchanged) at a constant pressure, volume change is PROPORTIONAL to temperature change.

Charle's Law formula

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

OR

V₁/V₂ = T₁/T₂

Gay-Lussac's or Admonton's Law Definition

For a constant amount of an ideal gas (moles unchanged) at a constant volume, pressure change is PROPORTIONAL to temperature change.

Gay-Lussac's or Admonton's Law Formula

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

OR

P₁/P₂ = T₁/T₂

Avogadro's Law Definition

For an idea gas at constant pressure and constant temperature volume change is PROPORTIONAL to number of moles of gas.

Avogadro's Law Formula

V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂

OR

V₁/V₂ = n₁/n₂

Under what conditions do gases behave ideally?

LOW pressure: insignificant volume

HIGH temperature: collisions are nearly elastic (no repulsion/attraction)

How do gases behave under non ideal conditions?

HIGH pressure: particle size is non-negligible, density is high

LOW temperature: intermolecular forces become significant

At high pressure, how does actual volume compare to that predicted by the ideal gas law?

The particles occupy a significant portion of the gas volume, making the actual volume GREATER than that predicted by the ideal gas law.

Redox Reactions (REDuction/OXidation)

reactions involving a change in the oxidation state of reactant elements (due to electron transfer)

OIL RIG stands for

Oxidation Is Loss of electrons (more pos charge)

Reduction Is Gain of electrons (more neg charge)

Oxidizing Agent

substance that CAUSES another substance to be oxidized. Is REDUCED, gains e⁻ and ox. state ↓

Reducing Agent

substance that causes another substance to be reduced. Is OXIDIZED; loses e⁻ and ox. state ↑