B3.2.6 Causes and Consequences of Occlusion of the Coronary Arteries

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the causes and consequences of coronary artery occlusion, the formation and role of tissue fluid, lymphatic system adaptations, and differences in circulatory systems of fish and mammals.

Atherosclerosis

The hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of cholesterol, triglycerides, and other substances on artery walls.

Occlusion of Arteriosclerosis

The blockage of coronary arteries that can lead to the death of heart tissue and heart attacks.

Causes of Arteriosclerosis

Damage to the inner lining of arteries, macrophages moving to the area, growth factors forming fibrous tissue, and plaque buildup.

Risk Factors for Arteriosclerosis

Factors contributing to arteriosclerosis include genetics, age, and gender (not under control) and obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and high-fat diet (under control).

Pearson Correlation Coefficient

A statistical measure used to quantify correlations between variables and assess the strength of the relationship.

Correlation vs. Causation

Correlation does not imply causation; one variable must directly cause changes in another for causation.

Tissue Fluid

Fluid that surrounds cells, formed by plasma leaking from capillaries, enabling the exchange of materials.

Release of Tissue Fluid

Occurs when high blood pressure in arterioles/capillaries forces fluid and small molecules out.

Reuptake of Tissue Fluid

Process where tissue fluid returns to blood due to increased osmotic pressure compared to hydrostatic pressure.

Composition of Plasma vs. Tissue Fluid

Both contain dissolved nutrients, oxygen, and metabolic wastes, but blood contains red blood cells and large plasma proteins.

Adaptations of Lymph Vessels

Gaps allow tissue fluid entry, valves prevent backflow, and movement is facilitated by skeletal muscle contractions.

Circulatory System in Fish

A single circulatory system with a two-chambered heart, where blood is pumped to gills for gas exchange.

Circulatory System in Mammals

A double circulatory system with a four-chambered heart that pumps blood to lungs and body tissues.