Med Term: Chapter 8 (digestive system)

Combining form for mouth or oral cavity

or/o

Space between a tooth and surrounding gingiva

sulcus

small bumps on the tongue

papillae

attaches tongue to the floor of the mouth

Lingual frenum

important in chewing, speaking, and swallowing

tounge

plays a role in eating, breathing, speaking, and expression of emotions

lips

cyst/o

all of the above

Combining form for pharynx (throat)

pharyng/o

Combining form for esophagus

esophag/o

Combining form for stomach

gastr/o

Combining form for small intestine

enter/o

Combining form for large intestine

col/o and colon/o

Combining form for rectum and anus

proct/o

Combining form for liver

hepat/o

Combining form for gallbladder

cholecyst/o

Combining form for pancreas

pancreat/o

Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach.

Upper GI tract

Includes small and large intestines, rectum, anus.

Lower GI tract

Organs like liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, important for digestion. (LGP)

Accessory organs

Glands that produce saliva.

salivary glands

Tissues that surround, support, and attach to the teeth.

periodontium

Soft tissues of the mouth.

gul/g

Specialized mucous membrane covering bone of dental arches and surrounding neck of the teeth (gums)

gingiva

Upper surface of the tongue that contains taste buds

dorsum

Under the tongue

sublingual surface

A fold of tissue that secures a moveable part.

frenum

Anterior portion of the palate.

hard palate

Posterior flexible part of the palate

soft palate

closes off nasal passage during swallowing preventing upward movement of food/liquid

soft palate

Structure that plays a role in swallowing, snoring, and speech.

uvula

Visible portion of a tooth above gum line.

crown

Part of the tooth embedded in the jaw.

root

Neck of the tooth where crown and root meet.

cervix (of tooth)

Interior part of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels.

pulp cavity

Hard covering of a tooth.

enamel

Bulk of the tooth beneath enamel.

dentin

Upper jaw structure; doesn’t move

maxillary arch

Lower jaw structure; movable.

mandibular arch

Formed at the back of mouth where maxillary and mandibular arches come together

temporomandibular joint

Natural arrangement of teeth in upper and lower jaws.

dentition

Teeth used for biting.

incisors

Teeth used for tearing.

canines (cuspids)

Teeth used for crushing.

premolars (bicuspids)

Teeth used for grinding.

molars

Deciduous baby teeth, usually 20.

primary dentition

Adult teeth, usually 32.

permanent dentition

Colorless liquid that aids in digestion.

saliva

Enzyme in saliva that begins digestion.

amylase

Gland located under the tongue.

sublingual gland

Gland located under the mandible.

submandibular gland

Gland located slightly in front of each ear.

parotid gland

Common passageway for air and food.

pharynx

Flap that prevents food from entering trachea.

epiglottis

Muscular tube for food passage.

esophagus

Muscular ring preventing reflux from stomach.

lower esophageal sphincter

Folds in stomach lining.

rugae

Enzymes and acids that help digest food.

gastric juices

Muscle controlling food flow to the duodenum.

pyloric sphincter

Site of nutrient absorption and digestion.

small intestine

First part of the small intestine.

duodenum

Middle portion of the small intestine.

jejunum

Longest portion of the small intestine.

ileum

Absorbs water and prepares waste for excretion.

large intestine

Beginning of the large intestine.

cecum

Part of colon traveling upwards.

ascending colon

Part of colon that lies horizontally.

transverse colon

Part of colon traveling down.

descending colon

Part of colon that connects to rectum.

sigmoid colon

Final section of the large intestine.

rectum

Opening at the end of the digestive tract.

anus

Largest organ, removes toxins and produces bile.

liver

Substance that gives bile its color.

bilirubin

Fluid aiding in fat digestion.

bile

Stores and concentrates bile.

gallbladder

Organ producing digestive enzymes and hormones.

pancreas

Process of breaking down food into nutrients.

digestion

Substance necessary for body's functioning.

nutrient

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

macronutrients

Vitamins and minerals required in small amounts.

micronutrients

Processes that build up cells from nutrients.

anabolism

Processes that break down substances, releasing energy.

catabolism

Transport of digested nutrients to cells.

absorption

Finger-like projections in the small intestine.

villi

Lymphatic vessels absorbing fats.

lacteals

Chewing food.

mastication

Mass of food ready to be swallowed.

bolus

Wave-like muscle contractions moving food through the digestive tract.

peristalsis

Partially digested food exiting the stomach.

chyme

Waste product from digestion.

feces

Process of eliminating feces.

defecation

Bacteria in the intestine beneficial for health.

gut microflora

Noise produced by movement of gas in the intestines.

borborygmus

Passing gas from the digestive tract.

flatulence

Branch of medicine dealing with obesity.

bariatrics

Specialist in teeth and oral cavity disease.

dentist

Specialist in stomach and intestines disorders.

gastroenterologist

Specialist in surgical procedures of the mouth.

oral surgeon

Specialist in correcting teeth alignment.

orthodontist

Specialist in tissues surrounding teeth.

periodontist