Acids
Hydrochloric acid - HCl
Nitric acid - HNO3
Sulphuric acid - H2SO4
Phosphoric acid - H3PO4
Real-life examples:
Properties of Acids
Monobasic, Dibasic and Tribasic Acids
Monobasic acids produce 1 H+ ion
Dibasic acids produce 2 H+ ions
Tribasic acids produce 3 H+ ions
Examples:
HCl β H+ + Cl- (monobasic)
HNO3 β H+ + NO3- (monobasic)
H2SO4 β 2H+ + SO4- (dibasic)
H3PO4 β 3H+ + PO4- (tribasic)
Bases
Real-life examples:
Baking soda - sodium bicarbonate
Toothpaste - sodium fluoride
Detergent - sodium carbonate
Soap - sodium hydroxide
Properties of bases
Bases produce OH- ions
Bases are bitter in taste
Soapy or slippery in touch
Proton acceptor
Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalies
Bronsted-Lowry Theory: Acids & Bases
Acid - Proton donor
Base - Proton acceptor
Chemical Properties
Acids Reaction with Metals:
Acids Reaction with Metal Carbonate:
Acids Reaction with Metal Oxide:
Bases Reaction with Ammonia Salts:
Oxides
Metallic Oxides:
Basic Oxides - Na2O, CaO, CuO
when metal combines with oxygen
reacts with acid - forms salt and water
dissolved in water - basic solution, high pH
Amphoteric - ZnO, Al2O3, PbO, SnO
Non-metallic Oxides:
Acidic Oxides - CO2, SO2, NO2, SiO2
when non-metal combines with oxygen
reacts with base - forms salt and water
dissolved in water - acidic solution, low pH
Neutral Oxides - H2O, O2, N2O, NO, CO
End of Chapter