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Provinces

The Roman Empire was divided into 40 provinces administered by a governor responsible to the emperor.

Jurisprudence

Roman law was based on jurisprudence, meaning laws were reinterpreted based on precedents rather than formal legislation.

Client Kingdoms

Client kingdoms were vassal states that had a degree of autonomy while being subordinate to the Roman Empire.

INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY

A fundamental principle of Roman law stating that a person is considered innocent until evidence proves them guilty.

Dole

The free grain or bread handouts provided to the poor in Rome to prevent abject poverty.

Pax Romana

A 200-year period of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire, starting from Caesar Augustus.

Tiberius

The stepson of Augustus who ruled from 14-37 A.D. and became known for a reign of terror.

Colosseum

The most famous Roman architectural structure, completed by Emperor Titus in 80 AD, used for gladiatorial games.

Edict of Milan

The decree issued by Emperor Constantine in 313 that granted religious toleration to Christians.

Arianism

A belief that Jesus was a separate but lesser god, which contradicted orthodox Christian monotheism.

Council of Nicea

A council convened by Constantine I to unify Christian doctrine and address heresies.

Federates

Nomadic tribes inside the Roman Empire granted autonomy in exchange for military assistance.

Theodosius I

The last true Roman Emperor who made orthodox Christianity the state religion and divided the empire between his sons.

Germanic Tribes

Various groups that invaded Roman territory, contributing to the empire's decline, including Visigoths, Vandals, and Huns.

Romulus Augustus

The last Roman emperor in the West, deposed in 476 AD by the German barbarian Odovacar.

Great Persecution

The period from 303 to 311 AD during which Diocletian instituted the last and most severe persecutions against Christians.