The Cell Cycle (Mitosis)

Mitosis and Meiosis

Prokaryotes

Type of cell that has a single loop of chromosomes

Eukaryotes

Type of cell that has multiple and linear chromosomes

46

Number of chromosomes in the human body

23

Number of pairs of chromosomes in the human body

44

number of homologous chromosomes

2

number of non homologous chromosomes

Diploid

complete set or number of chromosomes

Haploid

half the number of chromosomes

Genes

segments of DNA; code for specific protein or RNA; characteristics of an organism

IPMAT

phases of the cell cycle

Interphase

phase that contains the G1, S, and G2 stages

Checkpoints

these are internal controls in the cell cycle which decides if the cell continues to divide or not

Apoptosis

self-disintegration of the cell due to damaged DNA

G1

longest phase in the interphase stage.

G1

cell is doing its work; unduplicated chromosomes

S

AKA synthesis phase; DNA replication

G2 Phase

final preparations; some conditions may cause the cell to enter G0 or apoptosis

Mitosis

Each daughter cell receives a diploid complement of chromosomes identical to its parent cell

Prophase

Double stranded chromosomes; centrioles doubled and move to opposite ends

Prophase

nucleolus disappears

Metaphase

Nucleus disappears; centrioles release spindle fibers; alignment of chromatids

Anaphase

Shortest stage; sister chromatids are separation from each other

Telophase

chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, decondense, and are surrounded by new nuclear envelopes

Telophase

division of the cytoplasm

Cleave furrow

constriction formed by actin

cell plate

structure formed in plant cell cytokinesis