Cold War Test Flashcards

Cold War

Cold War

a struggle over political and economic differences/indifferences; a state of hostility without direct military contact.

Communism

State controls all property and economic activity.

Capitalism

Private citizens control economic activity.

Totalitarian Government

A form of government where there are no opposing parties to the party in power.

Democratic Government

A form of government where there are competing parties.

D-Day

The landing operations and associated airborne operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II.

Yalta Conference

Churchill, FDR, and Stalin meet at a Russian resort town near the Black Sea.

Agree to divide Germany into four zones of occupation.

United States, Great Britain, France, Soviet Union

What four countries received a German zone of occupation?

United Nations

created to promote peace and protect nations from aggression.

• Located in New York City

Security Council

11-member body of the United Nations.

United States, Great Britain, France, China, Russia

Who are the FIVE permanent members of the United Nations?

Satellite Nations

Countries that were dominated under the Soviet Union.

Potsdam Conference

Great Britain, United States, and USSR meet. Divide up Germany and capital of Berlin.

Iron Curtain

Term coined by Winston Churchill that divides democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe.

Truman Doctrine

policy to help free nations who could fall to communist governments.

• US sends $400M in aid to Greece and Turkey.

The Marshall Plan

Secretary of State George Marshall proposed United States aid to Europe.

• By 1952, 16 countries received over $13B in aid.

Berlin Airlift

Stalin closed access roads to West Berlin.

• Airlift begins by the United States and Great Britain to drop supplies.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

United States and Canada form with 10 West-Euro countries.

• mutual defense alliance

• 31 members how

Warsaw Pact

Response to NATO by the Soviet Union. Created their own alliance.

Marshall Islands

test site for the H-Bomb

H-Bomb

Hydrogen bomb -- a nuclear weapon more powerful than the atom bomb.

Brinkmanship

Willingness to to to the brink, or edge of war.

John Foster Dulles

Who proposed Brinkmanship?

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

What does ICBM mean?

Arms Race

A competition between the US and the USSR.

Who can produce and stockpile the most nuclear weapons?

Nikita Khrushchev

Person who emerged as the new Soviet Leader after Stalin passes away.

Open Skies Policy

proposed by Eisenhower to allow flights over each other’s countries to guard against surprise attacks. Soviets DECLINE.

The Space Race

A race between the United States and the Soviets to put people into space.

Sputnik

first artificial, unmanned satellite. Launched by the Soviets.

Francis Gary Powers

person who manned the American spy plane that was shot down over Soviet territory.

38th Parallel

Place where Korea was divided into two territories.

North Korea

Part of Korea under USSR control. Communist.

South Korea

Part of Korea under United States control. Democratic.

Kim II Sung

leader of North Korea.

Syngman Rhee

leader of South Korea.

Containment

The policy of stopping the spread of Communism.

Douglas MacArthur

Person who leads the aid to help South Korea.

Dien Bien Phu

French outpost where Vietnamese attack and force France to surrender

Domino Theory

Eisenhower’s Theory that if one Asian country or colony fell to communism, they would all fall.

The Geneva Accords

divides Vietnam into two parts -- North and South Vietnam.

Ngo Dinh Diem

leader of South Vietnam.

Known as a corrupt dictator but was backed by the United States because he was anti-communism.

Gulf of Tonkin

Lyndon B Johnson tells congress that US boats have been attacked where?

Vietnamization

the gradual removal of United States troops -- South Vietnamese troops have to rely on themselves more.

Cambodia

hiding place for North Vietnamese and Vietcong during the war.

Khmer Rouge

Brutal Communist regime in Cambodia.

Pol Pot

Who is the leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia?

Third World Countries

Countries that are newly independent and are less developed.

India and Indonesia

What third-world countries wanted to remain neutral and not be backed by a superpower?

Bandung Conference

leaders from Asia and Africa form “Third Force” of the Nonaligned Nations

Fidel Castro

person who leads a revolution and took power of Cuba.

Bay of Pigs

United States invades Cuba to stop Castro’s communist regime but are easily defeated.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviets place missiles in Cuba to pose threat against United States. Great example of brinkmanship.

Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

Leader of Iran

Muhammed Mossadeq

Person who forced Shah Pahlavi to flee.

Saddam Hussein

Leader of Iraq

Mujahideen

Afghan Rebels

Mikail Gorbachev

becomes leader of Soviet Union (1985).

Mao Zedong

Communist leader of China

Jiang Jieshi

Nationalist leader in China.

Taiwan

Where did Nationalists flee to after the Civil War in China?

Republic of China

What did Taiwan become known as after the Nationalists fled there?

Red Army

another name for the peasant army.

People’s Republic of China

What was the Communist mainland of China called?

Five-Year Plans

Economic goals set out for five years at a time to be accomplished.

Commune

Larger collective farms habited by peasants.

Establish society of peasants and workers being equal.

What was the goal of the Cultural Revolution?

Red Guards

students who formed militia units in China.

Tibet

Country taken over by China in a brutal assault in 1950 and 1951.

Franklin D Roosevelt

United States president at the Yalta Conference.

Harry S Truman

United States representative at the conference at Potsdam, Germany.

Mutually Assured Destruction

If Nuclear weapons are launched by one party, all parties will be destroyed.

Manhattan Project

“project” that made the first atomic bomb.

Desalinization

“Purging” the country of Stalin’s memory.

Imre Nagy

leader in Hungary who promised free elections. Overthrew the government.

Leonid Brezhnev

took over after Khrushchev

Alexander Dubcek

the leader of Czechoslovakia

Detente

a policy of lessening Cold War tensions

Realpolitik

a system of politics or principles based upon practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

a five-year agreement that leveled the number of ICMB’s and Submarine-launched missiles a country should have.

Ronald Reagan

Which president ended the policy of Detente?

Strategic Defense Initiative

a program to protect against enemy missiles

Brezhnev Doctrine

justified the invasion and said that the Soviet Union had the right to protect its satellite nations from rejecting communism.