Pathophysiology : pee pee

Acute Renal Failure

A condition where the kidneys experience direct damage, leading to an inability to filter blood effectively.

Etiology of Acute Renal Failure

Direct damage to the kidney.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Renal Failure

Decreased urine output, decreased fluid retention, fatigue, shortness of breath, confusion, and nausea.

Diagnosis for Acute Renal Failure

Observation of urine output, blood tests, urinalysis, and imaging.

Treatment for Acute Renal Failure

Correcting the underlying cause, medication, and hemodialysis.

Chronic Renal Disease

A chronic and progressive disease where the kidneys cannot effectively filter blood.

Etiology of Chronic Renal Disease

Caused by high blood pressure, diabetes, and glomerulonephritis.

Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Renal Disease

Early stages show no symptoms; later stages include high blood pressure and feeling generally ill or fatigued.

Diagnosis for Chronic Renal Disease

Blood tests.

Treatment for Chronic Renal Disease

Controlling blood pressure to slow progression; hemodialysis if it progresses far enough.

Renal Calculi

Hard crystalline deposits in the kidneys, commonly known as kidney stones.

Signs and Symptoms of Renal Calculi

Severe back and side pain, pain during urination, dark or foul-smelling urine, nausea, fevers, and chills.

Diagnosis for Renal Calculi

Blood tests, urine tests, and imaging.

Treatment for Renal Calculi

Increasing fluid intake, pain relievers, and shock wave therapy to break down the stones.

Urinary Incontinence

Loss of bladder control, often triggered by actions such as laughing, lifting, or sneezing.

Signs and Symptoms of Urinary Incontinence

Leakage of urine.

Diagnosis for Urinary Incontinence

Urinalysis, medical history, and physical examination.

Treatment for Urinary Incontinence

Kegel exercises to strengthen bladder control muscles; surgery if necessary.

Urinary Tract Infection

An infection in the urinary system caused mainly by Escherichia coli.

Signs and Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection

Persistent urge to urinate, burning during urination, pungent and cloudy urine, and flank pain.

Diagnosis for Urinary Tract Infection

Urinalysis, urine cultures, and imaging.

Treatment for Urinary Tract Infection

Antibiotics.