Water properties and polarity

Cohesion

Water molecules will stick to eachother due to the hydrogen bonds in H20. Cohesion is responsible for surface tension. Also allows for transportation of h20 and nutrients, by resisting gravity within plant stems

Adhesion

When 2 different polar molecules will stick together due to hydrogen bonds. Allows for transportation of nutrients within plants by sticking to cell walls

Capillarity

The water moves due to cohesion, adhesion and surface tension. Attributed to adhesion overpowering cohesion

High specific heat

H20 is able to resist changes in temperature due to hydrogen bonds. Heat must be absorbed in order to break hydrogen bonds, but heat is released when hydrogen bonds form.

Evaporative cooling

Surface temperature of water decreases during evaporation

Floating ice

Ice has a lower density than liquid water, as ice forms a lattice structure when freezing

Universal solvent

Due to waters polarity and hydrogen bonds, it can dissolve into most substances

Hydrophilic

Can dissolve into water. Polar and non ionic substances make hydrogen bonds in order dissolve

Hydrophobic

Cannot dissolve into water. Non polar substances, as they cannot form hydrogen bonds

Polar covalent

Electrons are not shared equally between two atoms

Non polar

Electrons are shared equally, Hydrocarbons generally are

non polar.

Ionic bonds

Attraction between two oppositely charged atoms

Hydrogen bonds

partially positive hydrogen atom in one polar covalent molecule is attracted to electronegative atom in another polar covalent molecule