BIO 233 Lab 1: Inferior Appendicular Skeleton

Flashcards cover key terms for the pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, and the bones of the foot, focusing on anatomy and articulation points.

Pelvic girdle

Hip girdle formed by the two ossa coxae; anchors the femur and connects with the sacrum via the sacroiliac joints and the pubic symphysis.

Ossa coxae (Os coxae)

Hip bone; innominate bone formed by fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis; together with the sacrum forms the pelvis.

Ilium

Largest part of the hip bone; includes the iliac crest, ala, and articulations for the sacroiliac joint.

Iliac ala

Wing-like expanded portion of the ilium (the broad, flat surface of the ilium).

Iliac crest

Superior border of the ilium; site for muscle attachments.

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

Prominent anterior projection at the top of the iliac crest; landmark for muscle attachment.

AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)

Anterior projection below the ASIS; attachment for the rectus femoris.

PSIS (posterior superior iliac spine)

Posterior projection at the back of the iliac crest; landmark for the posterior pelvis.

PIIS (posterior inferior iliac spine)

Posterior projection below the PSIS; part of the posterior pelvic brim.

Greater sciatic notch

Notch below the ilium that allows passage of the sciatic nerve and other structures.

Auricular surface

Ear-shaped articular surface on the ilium for the sacroiliac joint.

Sacroiliac joint

Joint between the sacrum and the ilium (ossae coxae) forming the pelvic girdle articulation.

Iliac fossa

Smooth, concave internal surface on the ilium for muscle attachment.

Iliac tuberosity

Roughened area on the ilium just superior to the pelvic brim; attachment for ligaments.

Ischium

Posterior-inferior part of the hip bone; includes structures like the ischial spine and ischial tuberosity.

Ischial spine

Spine on the ischium separating the greater and lesser sciatic notches; attachment for ligaments.

Lesser sciatic notch

Notch below the ischial spine; passage for nerves and vessels.

Ischial tuberosity

Rounded, strong projection you sit on; weight-bearing part of the ischium.

Obturator foramen

Large opening created by pubis and ischium; mostly closed by membrane; passage for obturator nerve and vessels.

Pubis

Anterior portion of the hip bone; consists of superior and inferior pubic rami; forms part of the pubic symphysis.

Superior ramus

Upper branch of the pubis that helps form the obturator foramen and the pubic arch.

Inferior ramus

Lower branch of the pubis contributing to the pubic arch and the obturator foramen.

Pubic symphysis

Cartilaginous joint uniting the two pubic bones at the midline.

Acetabulum

Hip socket; cup-shaped cavity where the femur head articulates (formed by all parts of the hip bone).

Pelvic brim

Rim that divides the true pelvis from the false pelvis; separates greater from lesser pelvis.

Pelvis inlet

Superior opening of the true pelvis.

Pelvis outlet

Inferior opening of the true pelvis.

Greater pelvis (false pelvis)

Region above the pelvic brim; part of the abdomen, not a true pelvic cavity.

Lesser pelvis (true pelvis)

Pelvic cavity; lies below the pelvic brim and contains pelvic organs.

Pubic arch

Angle formed by the inferior rami of the pubic bones; larger in females, narrower in males.

Pubic angle

Angle at the pubic arch where the two pubic rami meet.

Female pelvis

Pelvis that is rounder and wider with a wider pelvic outlet and pubic angle.

Male pelvis

Pelvis that is narrower and rougher with a narrower pelvic outlet.

Femur head

Rounded proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum.

Fovea capitis

Small pit on the head of the femur for the ligament of the head of the femur.

Neck (femur)

Narrow constricted region below the head of the femur.

Greater trochanter

Large lateral projection near the top of the femur; major hip muscle attachment site.

Lesser trochanter

Smaller projection on the femur below the neck; attachment for hip muscles.

Diaphysis

Shaft or body of a long bone.

Linea aspera

Ridge along the posterior surface of the femur where muscles attach.

Medial condyle (femur)

Medial distal projection of the femur that articulates with the tibia.

Lateral condyle (femur)

Lateral distal projection of the femur that articulates with the tibia.

Intercondylar fossa

Posterior depression between the femoral condyles on the distal femur.

Popliteal surface

Posterior surface of the distal femur; relates to the popliteal fossa.

Patellar surface

Anterior distal femoral surface that articulates with the patella.

Medial epicondyle (femur)

Medial bump above the femoral condyle; attachment for ligaments.

Lateral epicondyle (femur)

Lateral bump above the femoral condyle; attachment for ligaments.

Patella

Kneecap; a sesamoid bone within the quadriceps tendon.

Patella base

Superior broad end of the patella.

Patella apex

Inferior point of the patella.

Articular facets (patella)

Smooth surfaces on the patella that articulate with the femur.

Tibia

Shinbone; medial and larger bone of the lower leg; articulates with femur above and talus below.

Medial condyle (tibia)

Medial proximal projection of the tibia that articulates with the femur.

Lateral condyle (tibia)

Lateral proximal projection of the tibia that articulates with the femur.

Tibial articular surface

Proximal surface on the tibia that articulates with the femoral condyles.

Tibial tuberosity

Prominent anterior projection where the patellar ligament attaches.

Anterior crest (tibia)

Also called the anterior border; a sharp ridge along the front of the tibia.

Medial malleolus

Medial ankle projection formed by the distal tibia.

Inferior articular surface (tibia)

Articular surface on the tibia that articulates with the talus.

Articulates with the talus

Articulation described for the inferior articular surface of the tibia and the talus.

Fibula

Lateral, slender bone of the lower leg; bears no weight but stabilizes the ankle.

Head (fibula)

Proximal end of the fibula; articulates with the tibia.

Diaphysis (fibula)

Shaft of the fibula.

Lateral malleolus

Distal end of the fibula; forms the outer ankle prominence.

Foot

distal part of the lower limb; includes tarsus, metatarsals, and digits.

Tarsus

Ankle/foot bones; includes talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones.

Talus

Ankle bone; transmits weight from tibia to the foot; articulates with tibia and calcaneus.

Calcaneus

Heel bone; largest tarsal bone.

Navicular

Boat-shaped tarsal bone on the medial side of the foot.

Cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate, lateral)

Three small tarsal bones between the navicular and the metatarsals.

Cuboid bone

Wider tarsal bone on the lateral side of the foot.

Metatarsal bones (I-V)

Five long bones of the foot; connect tarsals to phalanges.

Digits (toes) I-V

Five toes; each contains proximal, middle (except hallux), and distal phalanges.

Hallux

Digit I; the big toe.

Proximal phalanx

First row of toe bones; articulates with metatarsals.

Intermediate phalanx

Middle row of toe bones (absent in the hallux).

Distal phalanx

Distal toe bone; tip of the toe.