Studied by 0 people
dates and people
1300-1600
dates of the renaissance
1455
year of the printing press
1483
Martin Luther was born
1492
Columbus sailed to Americas
1517
year Luther nailed the 95 theses
1521
Diet of Worms
1545
Start of Council of Trent/CCR
1546
Luther dies
1588
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Leonardo da Vinci
“The Renaissance Man” - “Man Ahead of His Time” - Mona Lisa - Last Supper - inventions
Michelangelo
moody - statue of David - Sistine Chapel ceiling - Pieta
Raphael
School of Athens - died very young
Donatello
free-standing/realistic statue of David (1st of “Big 4”)
Giotto
Trailblazer for lifelike figures - frescoe
Masaccio
Perfected perspective art (3-D)
Dante
wrote “The Divine Comedy” (politics and religion)
Machiavelli
wrote “The Prince” (questionable politics)
Prince Henry
Financed many voyages for Portugal (couldn’t go on any)
Dias
First to discover actual size of Africa (returned home - mutiny)
Vasco da Gama
made voyage around Africa to India - instant hero/millionare
Columbus
Credited with discovering America; 4 voyages
Vespucci
Americas named after him; first to realize new continents
Magellan
credited with the first voyage around the world (died before completion)
Drake
first Englishman to sail around the world
Cartier
St. Lawrence River; Montreal
Champlain
Lake champlain; Quebec
Cabot
Discovered Newfoundland (fish); first claim by England
Hudson
Bay, River, Straight named after him; mutiny - death?
Marquette/Joliet
explored the Mississippi
vernacular
the everyday language of people in a region or country
Anglican Church
Another name for the “Church of England”
Humanism
Movement where focus is on man and his accomplishments
Reformation
Period of history where there was a religious break with the Roman Catholic Church led by Martin Luther
Patron
person who supports the arts (especially financially)
utopia
describes a “perfect place” that has no corruption, war, crime, etc…which cannot be obtained here on earth
perspective art
artistic technique that creates the appearance of 3 dimensions on a flat surface
Renaissance
A “rebirth” movement in Eurpoe after the Middle Ages
Jesuits
Members of the society of Jesus
Catholic Counter-Reformation
The Catholic response in the 1500’s where the RCC tried to “clean up” its many problems
Coburg
Castle Luther stayed at during the Diet of Augsburg
Eislaben
Town where Luther was born AND died
Ottoman Turks
Charles V needed the German knights to fight these “heathen infidels” threatening the eastern border
Erfurt
city that Luther went to Law school (called “Little Rome”)
Augustinian Order
Nicknamed the “Black Cloister” because of the monks’ color in robes
Wittenberg
Luther was exiled to this town; spent most of his life here
Leipzig Debate
The argument between Luther vs. Eck over the issue of papal authority (“opened” his eyes)
Diet of Augsburg
Meeting between Charles V, Catholic princes, and the protestant princes over untiting in one faith - failed
Rome
place where Luther ran around like a “mad monk” trying to see the 7 sights and give mass
Diet of Worms
Trial in 1521 where Charles V declares Luther a heretic and bans him from the HRE
Diet of Augsburg
Melanchthon wrote the confession we Lutherans believe today for this diet
Augustinian Order
the monastery Luther chose
Wartburg
Luther stayed in this castle for 10 months; translated the NT while there
Wittenberg
Luther is buried in this town
Staupitz
Luther’s mentor - encouraged Luther to get his teaching doctorate
Carlstadt
Dean of Students at University of Wittenberg - close friends with Luther - “blew things out of proportion” and to the extreme - Luther and him went seperate ways
Cajetan
The cardinal the pope sent to Augsburg to try and get Luther to recant
Leo X
New pope from the Medici family - wanted to make a name for himself
Elector Frederick
protected Luther - hid him away in one of many castles - didn't want to lose his “prized theologian”
Johann Eck
debated with Luther - people say he won - professor at U of Leipzig
Melanchthon
Luther called him a “scrawny shrimp” when they first met - became one of Luther’s best friends - wrote Augsburg confession
Spalatin
lawyer/advisor/secretary to Elector Frederick - wrote to Luther often - carried out the “kidnapping plan”
Katie
Matin Luther’s wife - former nun - had 6 kids
John Tetzel
Luther called him a “short, dumpy, stump-preacher who was very good at selling indulgences at any price but as ignorant as a pig”
Bugenhagen
Close friend of Luther’s - preached in German at his funeral for the peasant’s sakes
Charles V
elected Holy Roman Emperor - Spanish - went to Germany to do a “good will” tour
Hans
father to Martin Luther - upset when Luther didn’t become a lawyer
Junker George
Luther’s new name while at Wartburg Castle
conquistadors
spanish “fortune hunters” who were “conquerers” of the New world (term, not person’s name)
Columbian exchange
exchange of plants/animals/products/people between the Old World and the New World
colonies
a land controlled by a distant nation (13 of these in the New World belonging to England)
Mercantilism
an economic policy of a country trying to be self-sufficient by exporting more than importing
French/Indian War
conflict between the English and French in North America in the 1700’s
Commercial Revolution
Name given to the expansion of trade/business that transformed Europe in the 1500’s and 1600’s
Joint-Stock Company
A business where investors pool their wealth together and then share the profit
Capitalism
an economic system based on private ownership and investment businesses in order to make a profit (U.S. is an example of this)
Triangular Trade
Name given to the network that involved three continents and the “products” they purchased from each other
Slavery
the “practice” of one man forcing another man to be his servant (chattel of another)
Cortes
conquered the Aztec Empire, despite being vastly outnumbered - they thought he was a god
Ponce de Leon
Searched for Fountain of Youth in Florida
Atahualpa
Ruler of the Incan Empire - fell to Europeans when he was captured and held for ransom - strangled after ransom was paid
Pizarro
conquered Incan Empire - stabbed in bathtub
Montezuma ll
Leader of the Aztecs - superstitious - thought European conquerer was Quetzacoatl
Johannes Kepler
3 laws of planetary motion (planets have elliptical orbits)
Nicolaus Capernicus
heliocentric theory
Galileo
“Father of Astronomy” - backed heliocentric theory - law of the pendulum - falling objects accelerate at fixed rates - perfected telescope
Isaac Newton
gravity - calculus - breaking apart light - reflecting telescope
Zacharias Janssen
microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
red blood cells
Evangelista Torricelli
Mercury barometer
Gabriel Fahrenheit
mercury thermometer
Andreas Vesalius
distinct drawing of the human body and how it works (dissection)
William Harvey
circulation of blood with heart as pump
Edward Jenner
smallpox vaccine - “Father of Immunology”
Joseph Priestly/Antoine Lavoisier
oxygen
Voltaire
most famous philosophe
Note 
Flashcard (38)