regents review 6

fascism

a political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler

federal system

a form of government in which power is shared between the national and state governments

feminism

the movement for women’s rights

feudalism

political and social order that developed during the Middle Ages when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service

final

the last in a series, process, or progress

fresco

painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

fund

give money for a specific purpose

fundamental

basic or essential

generation

a group of individuals born and living at the same time

genocide

a deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group

geocentric

Earth-centered; a system of planetary motion in which the sun, moon, and other planets revolve around the earth

ghetto

formerly a district in a city in which Jews were required to live

glasnost

a Soviet policy permitting open discussion of political and social issues

globalization

the movement toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy

goal

an aim or a purpose

grand vizier

the Ottoman sultan’s chief master who carried the main burdens of the state and who led the council meetings

greenhouse effect

global warming cause by the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

guarantee

to assure fulfillment of a condition

guerrilla tactics

the use of unexpected maneuvers like sabotage and subterfuge to fight an enemy

gunpowder empire

an empire formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions they conquered through their mastery of firearms

hans

approximately 250 domains into which Japan was divided under the Tokugawa

harem

“sacred place”; the private domain of an Ottoman sultan, where he and his wives resided

heavy industry

the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines

heliocentric

sun-centered; the system of the universe in which the Earth and planets revolve around the sun

heretic

one who does not conform to established doctrine

highlighted

centered attention on

HIV / AIDS

human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; any of the strains of HIV-1 and HIV-2 that infect and destroy the immune system’s helper T cells causing a large drop in their numbers, and becomes AIDS when a person has 20% or less than the normal level of helper T cells

hostage system

a system used by the shogunate to control the daimyo i Tokugawa Japan; the family of the daimyo lord was forced to stay at their residence in the capital whenever the lord was absent form it

humanism

an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history

human rights

rights regarded as belonging fundamentally to all persons