3:3-3.4

Use these flashcards to review key people, events, and concepts related to belief systems and empires during the period of 1450-1750.

French King Henry IV converted to ___ in 1593 to solidify power and ensure peace.

Catholicism

__ provided a way to combine Hindu and Sufi Muslim beliefs.

Sikhism

and the Lollards argued that priests were unnecessary for salvation and translated parts of the Bible into English.

John Wycliffe

Followers of Jan Hus in Bohemia, known as __, were declared heretics for beliefs similar to Wycliffe's.

Hussites

__ campaigned in Geneva for a religion based on the scriptures, opposing customs like clerical celibacy.

Huldrych Zwingli

The power of the Church suffered during the Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377), when the papacy was located in __ rather than Rome.

France

Martin Luther objected to the sale of __ and simony, leading to his 95 Theses.

indulgences

Luther advocated for "__," faith alone, as the basis of salvation.

sola fide

___ authored The Institutes of the Christian Religion and helped reform the religious community in Geneva, Switzerland.

John Calvin

Calvin's followers in France were called __.

Huguenots

King Henry VIII set himself up as head of the new __.

Anglican Church

Peter the Great abolished the position of __ and incorporated the Church into the government.

patriarch

The __ corrected abuses, reaffirmed rituals, improved priest education, and published the Index of Prohibited Books.

Council of Trent (1545-1563)

The 1555 __ allowed each German state to choose between Catholicism or Lutheranism.

Peace of Augsburg

In 1598, King Henry IV issued the __ which allowed the Huguenots to practice their faith.

Edict of Nantes

The __ (1618-1648) culminated in the Peace of Westphalia, allowing each area of the Holy Roman Empire to select Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism.

Thirty Years' War

After the siege of Constantinople, the area became Ottoman and the Byzantine Empire's Justinian Law was replaced by __.

shariah

Shah Ismail built a power base using _ Islam as a unifying force.

Shi'a

Akbar tolerated all religions and provided land grants for __.

Sikhism

Akbar tried to ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims but failed to convert subjects to __.

Din-i Ilahi

In 1620, Francis Bacon developed ___, which insisted upon the collection of data to back up a hypothesis.

empiricism

The __ Empire used Janissaries, slave soldiers, to offset the power of troops loyal to local governors.

Ottoman

The __ Empire used Ghulams to protect the shah from rival clans.

Safavid

In the Ming and Manchu dynasties of China, the __ system was used to assess the abilities of those wishing to enter government service.

civil service examination

The __ appointed zamindars to collect taxes from the peasant class based on land and production.

Mughal emperors

The Sultans appointed "tax farmers" to collect money or salable goods from the residents of the area.

Ottoman

The _ created a tributary empire and had little to no direct control over the territory within the region of Mesoamerica.

Aztec

Akbar attempted a __ approach to religion in the Mughal Empire, but he had little success in that area.

syncretic